Английская Википедия:Azeotrope tables
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.
The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).
A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.[4]
Binary azeotropes
Data source color code | |||
---|---|---|---|
CRC & Lange's | CRC only | Lange's only | other (see references) |
‡ CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs.
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‡ CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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component 1 | b.p. comp. 1 (˚C) |
component 2 | b.p. comp. 2 (˚C) |
b.p. azeo. (˚C) |
% wt comp. 1 |
% wt comp. 2 |
spec. grav. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
acetaldehyde | 21.0 | diethyl ether | 34.6 | 20.5 | 76.0 | 24.0 | 0.762 | |
n-butane[13] | –0.5 | –7.0 | 16.0 | 84.0 | ||||
acetamide | 222.0 | benzaldehyde | 179.5 | 178.6 | 6.5 | 93.5 | ||
nitrobenzene | 210.9 | 202.0 | 24.0 | 76.0 | ||||
o-xylene | 144.1 | 142.6 | 11.0 | 89.0 | ||||
acetonitrile | 82.0 | ethyl acetate | 77.15 | 74.8 | 23.0 | 77.0 | ||
toluene[14] | 110.6 | 81.1 | 76.0 | 24.0 | ||||
acetylene | –86.6 | ethane | –88.3 | –94.5 | 40.7 | 59.3 | ||
aniline | 184.4 | o-cresol | 191.5 | 191.3 | 8.0 | 92.0 | ||
carbon disulfide | 46.2 | diethyl ether | 34.6 | 34.4 | 1.0 | 99.0 | 0.719 | |
1,1-dichloroethane | 57.2 | 46.0 | 94.0 | 6.0 | ||||
methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 45.9 | 84.7 | 15.3 | 1.157 | |||
ethyl acetate[6] | 77.1 | 46.1 | 97 | 3 | ||||
methyl acetate[6] | 57.0 | 40.2 | 73 | 27 | ||||
chloroform | 61.2 | methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 79.9 | 17.0 | 83.0 | 0.877 | |
n-hexane | 68.7 | 60.0 | 72.0 | 28.0 | 1.101 | |||
carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | methyl ethyl ketone | 79.9 | 73.8 | 71.0 | 29.0 | 1.247 | |
ethylene dichloride | 84.0 | 75.3 | 78.0 | 22.0 | 1.500 | |||
ethyl acetate | 77.1 | 74.8 | 57.0 | 43.0 | 1.202 | |||
cyclohexane | 80.74 | ethyl acetate | 77.15 | 72.8 | 46.0 | 54.0 | ||
ethyl nitrate | 88.7 | 74.5 | 64.0 | 36.0 | ||||
diethyl ether | 34.6 | methyl formate | 31.50 | 28.2 | 44.0 | 56.0 | ||
methylene chloride[5] | 40 | 40.8 | 30 | 70 | ||||
nitromethane | 101.0 | toluene | 110.8 | 96.5 | 55.0 | 45.0 | ||
tetrahydrofuran[16] | 65.6 | chloroform | 61.2 | 72.5 | 34.5 | 65.5 | ||
n-hexane | 69 | 63.0 | 46.5 | 53.5 | ||||
toluene | 110.63 | pyridine | 115.3 | 110.2 | 78.0 | 22.0 | ||
propylene glycol[18] | 188.2 | aniline | 184.4 | 179.5 | 43 | 57 | ||
o-xylene | 144.4 | 135.8 | 10 | 90 | ||||
toluene | 110.6 | 110.5 | 1.5 | 98.5 |
Ternary azeotropes
Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.
Data source color code | |||
---|---|---|---|
CRC & Lange's | CRC only | Lange's only | other (see references) |
2nd component | b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C) |
3rd component | b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C) |
b.p. azeo. (˚C) |
% wt 1st |
% wt 2nd |
% wt 3rd |
spec. grav | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ethanol | 78.4 | ethyl acetate | 77.1 | 70.3 °C | 7.8 | 9.0 | 83.2 | 0.901 | |
cyclohexane | 80.8 | 62.1 | 7 | 17 | 76 | ||||
benzene | 80.2 | 64.9 | 7.4 U 1.3 L 43.1 |
18.5 U 12.7 L 52.1 |
74.1 U 86.0 L 4.8 |
U 0.866 L 0.892 | |||
chloroform | 61.2 | 55.5 | 3.5 U 80.8 L 0.5 |
4.0 U 18.2 L 3.7 |
92.5 U 1.0 L 95.8 |
U 0.976 L 1.441 | |||
carbon tetrachloride | 86.8 | 61.8 | 4.3 | 9.7 | 86.0 | ||||
3.4 U 44.5 L <0.1 |
10.3 U 48.5 L 5.2 |
86.3 U 7.0 L 94.8 |
U 0.935 L 1.519 | ||||||
ethylene chloride | 83.7 | 66.7 | 5 | 17 | 78 | ||||
acetonitrile | 82.0 | 72.9 | 1.0 | 55.0 | 44.0 | ||||
toluene | 110.6 | 74.4 | 12.0 U 3.1 L 20.7 |
37.0 U 15.6 L 54.8 |
51.0 U 81.3 L 24.5 |
U 0.849 L 0.855 | |||
methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 73.2 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 75.0 | 0.832 | |||
n-hexane | 69.0 | 56.0 | 3.0 U 0.5 L 19.0 |
12.0 U 3.0 L 75.0 |
85.0 U 96.5 L 6.0 |
U 0.672 L 0.833 | |||
n-heptane | 98.4 | 68.8 | 6.1 U 0.2 L 15.0 |
33.0 U 5.0 L 75.9 |
60.9 U 94.8 L 9.1 |
U 0.686 L 0.801 | |||
carbon disulfide | 46.2 | 41.3 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 93.4 | ||||
n-propanol | 97.2 | cyclohexane | 80.8 | 66.6 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 81.5 | ||
benzene | 80.2 | 68.5 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 82.4 | ||||
carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | 65.4 | 5 U 84.9 L 1.0 |
11 U 15.0 L 11.0 |
84 U 0.1 L 88.0 |
U 0.979 L 1.436 | |||
diethyl ketone | 102.2 | 81.2 | 20 | 20 | 60 | ||||
n-propyl acetate | 101.6 | 82.2 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 59.5 | ||||
Isopropyl alcohol | 82.5 | cyclohexane | 80.8 | 64.3 | 7.5 | 18.5 | 74.0 | ||
66.1 | 7.5 | 21.5 | 71.0 | ||||||
benzene | 80.2 °C | 66.5 | 7.5 | 18.7 | 73.8 | ||||
65.7 °C | 8.2 U 2.3 L 85.1 |
19.8 U 20.2 L 14.4 |
72.0 U 77.5 L 0.5 |
U 0.855 L 0.966 | |||||
methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 73.4 | 11.0 | 1.0 | 88.0 | 0.834 | |||
toluene | 110.6 | 76.3 | 13.1 U 8.5 L 61.0 |
38.2 U 38.2 L 38.0 |
48.7 U 53.3 L 1.0 |
U 0.845 L 0.930 | |||
allyl alcohol | 97.0 | n-hexane | 69.0 | 59.7 | 5 U 0.5 L 64.4 |
5 U 3.6 L 34.8 |
90 U 95.9 L 0.8 |
U 0.668 L 0.964 | |
benzene | 80.2 | 68.2 | 8.6 U 0.6 L 80.9 |
9.2 U 8.7 L 17.7 |
82.2 U 90.7 L 0.4 |
U 0.877 L 0.985 | |||
cyclohexane | 80.8 | 66.2 | 8 | 11 | 81 | ||||
carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | 65.2 | 5 U 71.7 L 0.8 |
11 U 25.6 L 10.1 |
84 U 2.7 L 89.1 |
U 0.777 L 1.464 | |||
benzene | 80.1 | acetonitrile | 82.0 | 66.0 | 8.2 | 68.5 | 23.3 | ||
methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | 68.2 | 8.8 U 0.6 L 94.7 |
65.1 U 71.3 L 0.1 |
26.1 U 28.1 L 5.2 |
U 0.858 L 0.992 | |||
methyl ethyl ketone | 79.6 | carbon tetrachloride | 76.8 | 65.7 | 3.0 U 94.4 L 0.1 |
22.2 U 5.5 L 22.6 |
74.8 U 0.1 L 77.3 |
U 0.993 L 1.313 | |
cyclohexane | 81.0 | 63.6 | 5.0 U 0.6 L 89.9 |
60.0 U 37.0 L 10.0 |
35.0 U 62.4 L 0.1 |
U 0.769 L 0.98 | |||
chloroform | 61.2 | methanol | 64.65 | 52.6 | 4.0 U 27.0 L 3.0 |
81.0 U 32.0 L 83.0 |
15.0 U 41.0 L 14.0 |
U 1.022 L 1.399 | |
acetone‡ | 56.5 | 60.4 | 4.0 | 57.6 | 38.4 |
‡Saddle azeotrope
2nd component | b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C) |
3rd component | b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C) |
b.p. azeo. (˚C) |
% wt 1st |
% wt 2nd |
% wt 3rd |
spec. grav | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
acetone | 56.5 | chloroform‡ | 61.2 | 57.5 | 23.0 | 30.0 | 47.0 | ||
methyl acetate | 57.0 | 53.7 | 17.4 | 5.8 | 76.8 | 0.898 | |||
cyclohexane | 81.4 | 51.5 | 16.0 | 43.5 | 40.5 | ||||
methyl acetate | 57.1 | carbon disulfide | 46.2 | 37.0 | |||||
cyclohexane | 81.4 | 50.8 | 17.8 | 48.6 | 33.6 | ||||
n-hexane | 69.0 | 45.0 | 14.0 | 27.0 | 59.0 | 0.73 |
‡Saddle azeotrope
References
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1496–1505
- ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp. 2143–2184
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307 Шаблон:Doi
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite patent
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite patent
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web