Английская Википедия:Béjar
Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Infobox settlement Béjar (Шаблон:IPA-es) is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Salamanca, autonomous community of Castile and León. As of 2018, it had a population of 12,961. The historical development of the town has been linked to its once thriving textile manufacturing industry.
History
Béjar was founded towards October–November 1208 and it was presumably granted a fuero afterwards.Шаблон:Sfn It was originally placed to the south of the current settlement, but the population relocated to its current location in the first half of the 14th century.Шаблон:Sfn Featuring a cattle-based economy, the town sustained a quick early growth.Шаблон:Sfn Over the rest of the middle ages, the town passed several times from a royal demesne to seigneurial lordship and vice versa.Шаблон:Sfn The town saw its fuero ratified in 1333.Шаблон:Sfn Béjar celebrated an eight-day long medieval fair every year.Шаблон:Sfn The town enjoyed from availability to plenty of wood resources, hydropower and sheep flocks.Шаблон:Sfn
The arrival to power of the Zúñiga family after 1396 favoured the installment of numerous courtiers and servants, who increased the demand for clothing products.Шаблон:Sfn Cloth-making boomed in the late-17th century.Шаблон:Sfn The Ducal House of Béjar brought Flemish artisans to update the wool manufacturing techniques.Шаблон:Sfn
Unlike other textile manufacturing hubs in the Castilian Meseta, the local textile industry got to survive past the Early Modern Period.Шаблон:Sfn The late modern history of Béjar is indeed marked by its thriving textile industry, and during the 19th century it came to be referred to as the "Castilian Manchester".Шаблон:Sfn
Due to the peripheral location of the town and the rugged relief, railway arrived late to Béjar, in 1894.Шаблон:Sfn Following the end of the Civil War, Bécar became a major provider of wool clothes, primarily used for military and civil servants' uniforms.Шаблон:Sfn
Béjar maintained a positive demographic growth until 1970, peaking at 17,576 inhabitants.Шаблон:Sfn The textile industry entered a crisis in the 1970s, prompting to staffing cutbacks.Шаблон:Sfn Passenger train services in the Astorga–Plasencia line closed on 1 January 1985, and rail freight transport a decade later, worsening rural flight patterns in the area and hindering business development.[1] In the wake of the decline of the secondary sector, the municipality has tried to foster other alternatives for the local economy such as tourism.Шаблон:Sfn
Name
The name Béjar is presumably of pre-Roman origin and it has been documented as Biclara and Biclaro.Шаблон:Sfn
Monuments
Béjar has many remarkable monuments and historical buildings:[2]
- City walls: well-preserved medieval fort
- Church of Saint James (Santiago): built in the 12th century, now serves as a Museum of Religious Art
- Church of Saint Mary the Great (Santa María la Mayor): built between the 12th and 17th centuries, in several different architectural styles (from Mudejar to Baroque)
- Jewish Museum David Melul: shows Béjar's Hebrew past
- Ducal Palace and Camera Obscura: an ancient fortress transformed into a palace for the Duke and Duchess of Béjar in the 16th century.
See also
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- i-Béjar web portal Шаблон:In lang
Шаблон:Municipalities in Salamanca
