Английская Википедия:Béla Grünwald

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Béla Ferenc József Grünwald de Bártfa (Шаблон:Lang-hu; 2 December 1839 – 4 May 1891) was a Hungarian nationalist politician and historian who was active in Upper Hungary (today mostly Slovakia).

Life and career

Born in Szentantal to a Zipser German father, Augustin Grünwald and a noblewoman with Polish ancestry, Johanna Majovszky, Grünwald trained as a lawyer, receiving a degree from the Royal University of Pest. He attended universities in Paris, Berlin, Heidelberg, received a law degree and attended philosophy lectures. After a few months in Belgium and France, he returned to his parents' house in Besztercebánya. Serving first as administrator (alispán) of Zólyom County, in the 1878 elections he was elected a member of the Hungarian House of Representatives for Szliács (modern Sliač) in that county as a member of the Liberal Party; he subsequently left the Liberals in 1880, serving as an independent before joining the Moderate Opposition party.Шаблон:Sfn

Grünwald was an activist for the assimilationist policies of Magyarisation in the predominantly Slovak region of Upper Hungary, founding and supporting the Upper Hungary Magyar Educational Society.Шаблон:Sfn He viewed the construction of a centralised state as a political priority.Шаблон:Sfn He explained his views on the policy in his 1876 book Közigazgatásunk és a szabadság ("Our Public Administration and Freedom"), in which he urged Hungarian politicians to act as effectively and inexorably as the French in France and the English in the United Kingdom.[1]Шаблон:Page?

As a historian, Grünwald became a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences after the publication of his 1888 work, The Old Hungary (A régi Magyarország).Шаблон:Sfn In his historical works, he pursued a "democratic" method of historiography.Шаблон:Sfn He stated in The New Hungary (Az új Magyarország), the sequel to his 1888 book, "The genius, too, is born. He is born in a particular age, as a member of a particular nation, a class and a family, and the stamp these circles press onto his personality in his youth stays on him even if he later comes come into conflict with them."[2] He charged the Hungarian nobility with a lack of national sentiment, and feeling greater solidarity with nobles from other nations than with the Hungarian nation;Шаблон:Sfn the nobles, he argued, had neglected the development of Hungary as a nation-state.Шаблон:Sfn Nevertheless, on 22 April 1889, he accepted ennoblement from Emperor Franz Joseph I, becoming "de Bártfa" (bártfai).Шаблон:Sfn

Grünwald committed suicide by gunshot wound to the head in unclear circumstances while visiting Paris on 4 May 1891.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Shortly before his suicide, he sent a telegram to Albert Apponyi, the leader of the Moderate Opposition, briefly notifying him of his death: "Béla Grünwald has died after a long period of suffering".[3] In his famous dramatic 1929 account, The Paris Story (A párizsi regény),Шаблон:Sfn Dezső Szomory describes Grünwald's death and burial:

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Grünwald's epitaph reads, "Here lies Béla Grünwald, unbreakable apostle of the Hungarian theory of the state."[4]

Works

References

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Bibliography

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Партнерские ресурсы
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Разное

  1. ↑ Közigazgatásunk és a szabadság (Budapest, 1876)
  2. ↑ Quoted in [[#Шаблон:Harvid|Lakatos 1910]], p. 416. "A géniusz is születik. Születik egy bizonyos korban, mint egy nemzet, egy osztály s egy család tagja, s a bélyeg, melyet e körök ifjú korában nyomnak egyéniségére, megmarad rajta még akkor is, ha később ellentétbe jutott vele."
  3. ↑ [[#Шаблон:Harvid|Lackó 1986]], p. 15. "Grünwald Béla hosszú szenvedés után meghalt."
  4. ↑ [[#Шаблон:Harvid|Pók 1982]], p. 24. "Itt nyugszik Grünwald Béla, a magyar állameszme törhetetlen apostola."
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