Английская Википедия:BL 12-inch Mk XI – XII naval gun

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The BL 12-inch Mark XI and Mark XII gun were British breech loading (BL) naval guns of 50-calibres length mounted as primary armament on dreadnought battleships from 1910.

History

Файл:HMS Hercules 12 inch guns IWM Q 18062.jpg

Vice-Admiral Doveton Sturdee in front of the Mk XII guns of a wing turret on HMS Hercules

In an effort to increase the armour-piercing capability and range of a 12-inch gun, the 50 calibres/600 inches Mk XI's barrel was 5 calibres/60 inches longer than the previous Mk X gun's 45 calibres. As a result, muzzle velocity increased from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert, but bore erosion, which led to short barrel life, and poor accuracy due to inconsistent cordite propellant burning, hampered the gun. The Mk XII derived from it suffered from the same problems.

Instead of attempting to improve their 12-inch gun, the British developed the 13.5-inch Mk V gun of 45-calibres, which could achieve greater range at lower muzzle velocities due to its larger shell.

Mk XI guns were mounted on:

• St. Vincent-class battleships laid down 1907, commissioned 1910
• HMS Neptune laid down 1909, commissioned 1911

Mk XII guns were mounted on:

• Colossus-class battleships laid down 1909, commissioned 1911

See also

• List of naval guns

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

• Obukhovskii 12"/52 Pattern 1907 gun Russian equivalent
• 30.5 cm SK L/50 gun German equivalent
• Škoda 30.5 cm /45 K10 Austro-Hungarian equivalent

Bibliography

• Tony DiGiulian, British 12"/50 (30.5 cm) Marks XI, XI* and XII