Английская Википедия:Badaga language
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English
Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by the Badaga people of the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The language is closely related to the Kannada language with heavy influence from Tamil language.[1] Of all the tribal languages spoken in Nilgiris (Badaga, Toda language, Kota language (India)), Badaga is the most spoken language.
Origins
Badaga is the ancestor of Kannada. This is proven by the fact that Badaga shares many common features with modern Kannada. One such feature is that Badaga shows initial h (common with modern Kannada) instead of p which had already started to disappear in 13th century Kannada.
Phonology
Badaga has five vowel qualities, Шаблон:IPA, where each of them may be long or short, and until the 1930s they were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes.Шаблон:Efn Current speakers only distinguish retroflection of a few vowels.[2]
| IPA | Gloss |
|---|---|
| Шаблон:IPA | disease |
| Шаблон:IPA | scar |
| Шаблон:IPA | sprout |
| Шаблон:IPA | tiger's den |
| Шаблон:IPA | to spread out |
| Шаблон:IPA | to remove |
| Шаблон:IPA | seven |
| Шаблон:IPA | tamarind |
| Шаблон:IPA | bangle |
| Шаблон:IPA | banana |
| Шаблон:IPA | to strike |
| Шаблон:IPA | tamarind |
| Шаблон:IPA | chisel |
Note on transcription: rhoticity Шаблон:Angbr IPA indicates half-retroflexion; doubled Шаблон:Angbr IPA it indicates full retroflexion.
Writing system
Several attempts have been made at constructing an orthography based on English, Kannada and Tamil. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.[4]
Badaga can also be written in the Kannada script and Tamil script.
Linguistic documentation
Badaga has been studied and documented by linguists. Several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.[5]
A collection of proverbs and other traditional sayings of the Badaga has been collated and edited by Paul Hockings.[6] It is the result of the work of many people, collecting material over many decades.
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Notelist
Relevant literature
- Hockings, Paul. Counsel from the ancients: A study of Badaga proverbs, prayers, omens, and curses. Mouton de Gruyter, 1988. Archive.org
External links
- Online community of Badagas worldwide
- Badaga literature
- A website on the Badaga
- Audio recordings in Badaga, with annotations in trilingual format (Badaga, English, French) Шаблон:Webarchive – transcribed and translated by C. Pilot-Raichoor – site of the Pangloss Collection, CNRS-LACITO
Шаблон:Dravidian languages Шаблон:Languages of India
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Hockings, Paul. "Counsel from the Ancients." A study of Badaga proverbs, prayers, omens and curses. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter (1988).
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