Английская Википедия:Badr al-Hammami
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox officeholder Badr ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥammāmī (Шаблон:Lang-ar) also known as Badr al-Kabīr ("Badr the Elder"),Шаблон:Sfn was a general who served the Tulunids and later the Abbasids.
Life
Of Greek origin, Badr was originally a slave of the founder of the Tulunid regime, Ahmad ibn Tulun, who later set him free.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In September 893, along with Muhammad ibn Abba, and the governor of Tarsus, Ahmad ibn Tughan al-Ujayfi, Badr led an expedition against the Byzantine Empire, reaching as far as al-Balaqsun (unidentified, possibly Carian or Lycian Telmessos).Шаблон:Sfn Following the death of Ibn Tulun's son Khumarawayh in 896, many Tulunid officers left Egypt and defected to the Abbasids. Badr remained behind, and ranked, along with Faik and Safi, as one of the principal commanders; each of them commanding a portion of the army, they were able to force the Tulunid government to hand over the revenue necessary to continue paying their troops, whose total loyalty they thus secured.Шаблон:Sfn Consequently, they, and Badr in particular, were among the main rivals of Muhammad ibn Abba, who acted as the regent of the underage emir Harun ibn Khumarawayh.Шаблон:Sfn
In 902, he led a relief army from Egypt to confront the Qarmatians under Yahya ibn Zikrawayh (the "Master of the She-camel"), who had attacked Syria in 902 and besieged Tughj ibn Juff in Damascus. The two Tulunid commanders fought with the Qarmatians before the gates of the city and managed to kill the Qarmatian leader, but nevertheless lost the battle.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Yahya was succeeded by his brother, Husayn (the "Man with the Mole"), who proceeded to lay waste to much of Syria in 902–903.Шаблон:Sfn Sometime before late August 903, however, he scored a big victory against the Qarmatians, killing many and driving the rest into the desert. This event is only known from a dispatch sent to Baghdad, briefly mentioned by al-Tabari.Шаблон:Sfn This success was soon followed by the decisive victory of the Abbasid army at the Battle of Hama in November, which led to the capture and execution of Husayn and the senior Qarmatian leaders.Шаблон:Sfn
In autumn 904, the Abbasids under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib launched a campaign to recover Egypt and end the Tulunid regime. When Muhammad arrived at the borders of Egypt in November, Badr went over to him. The defection of the most senior Tulunid commander was soon followed by other Tulunid officers, and when Harun ibn Khumarawayh was murdered by one of his own men, the regime collapsed into anarchy, and Muhammad entered Fustat without opposition.Шаблон:Sfn Now in Abbasid service, in August 905 Badr received robes of honour from Caliph al-Muktafi, and was sent as deputy and advisor to another commander, Fatik, to confront the rebellion of a former Tulunid officer, Ibrahim al-Khaliji, who had seized much of the country along with Fustat.Шаблон:Sfn
In 914, he was governor of Fars. Following the assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad ibn Isma'il and the accession of his underage son, the Samanid regime was weakened. Badr used the opportunity to re-assert Abbasid control over Sistan, sending Fadl ibn Hamid there as his deputy. This success was short-lived, however, and the province soon fell back into the hands of local warlords, until the emergence of Kathir ibn Ahmad as its ruler in 917.Шаблон:Sfn In October 917, Badr was placed in command of 5,000 men and sent to pursue the rebel leader Abdalla ibn Ibrahim al-Misma'i and his Kurdish followers near Isbahan.Шаблон:Sfn
Badr died in 923.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Английская Википедия
- 9th-century births
- 923 deaths
- Year of birth unknown
- Abbasid governors of Fars
- Tulunid generals
- Defectors
- Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
- Slaves from the Abbasid Caliphate
- Arabian slaves and freedmen
- 9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
- 10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
- 9th-century slaves
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