Английская Википедия:Badr al-Mu'tadidi

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:About Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Abu'l-Najm Badr al-Mu'tadidi was the chief military commander of the Abbasid Caliphate during the reign of Caliph al-Mu'tadid (892–902). Originally a military slave (ghulam or mawla) who served under the future al-Mu'tadid in the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion, his ability and loyalty led him to become the Caliph's commander-in-chief, exercising considerable influence in the governance of the state throughout Mu'tadid's reign. He was executed on 14 August 902 due to the machinations of the ambitious vizier, al-Qasim ibn Ubayd Allah.

Life

Badr was the son of one of Caliph al-Mutawakkil's freed slaves (Шаблон:Transl), whose name is uncertain (Khurr or Khayr). He began his career as an equerry under the stable-master of al-Muwaffaq, the virtual regent of the Caliphate during the reign of his brother al-Mu'tamid (Шаблон:Reign) and father of the caliph al-Mu'tadid (Шаблон:Reign).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He then became one of a group of the military slaves or pages (Шаблон:Transl) recruited by Mu'tadid for the campaigns against the Zanj Rebellion, and appears early on as one of the most prominent figures among this group. Like the other Шаблон:Transl of Mu'tadid, his name is a "pet name" rather than a regular name, meaning "full moon".Шаблон:Sfn Likewise, his Шаблон:Transl was Abu'l-Najm ("Father of the Star"), and he had a son called Hilal, "New Moon".Шаблон:Sfn During the Zanj war, the Шаблон:Transl, often with the young Mu'tadid at their head, played the main role in the fighting, providing the Abbasid armies with a professional core, filling leadership positions, and undertaking the most difficult assaults.Шаблон:Sfn

Badr was one of the most trusted servants of Mu'tadid, and became all-powerful under the latter's patronage. Already on Mu'tadid's succession of his father as regent of the Caliphate in June 891, Badr was named as chief of security (Шаблон:Transl) of Baghdad.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn When Mu'tadid succeeded to the throne in October 892, Badr became commander-in-chief of the army. Aside from leading numerous expedition in person as part the Caliph's campaigns of restoration of Abbasid power, he also came to wield enormous political power: he could exercise a veto on all important government decisions, while his daughter married one of Mu'tadid's sons, the future caliph al-Muqtadir (Шаблон:Reign).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was a firm friend of Ubayd Allah ibn Sulayman ibn Wahb, the vizier for most of Mu'tadid's reign, whom he was often able to protect from the Caliph's outbursts of anger. Their smooth working relationship was instrumental in negating the friction between the military and the civil bureaucracy that had plagued earlier rulers.Шаблон:Sfn As such, he was often eulogized by the court poets alongside the Caliph himself, particularly by Abu Bakr al-Suli.Шаблон:Sfn At Baghdad, he was entrusted with the supervision of the reconstruction of the city's Great Mosque, originally established by al-Mansur (Шаблон:Reign). He also built a palace for himself in the new palace district on the part of the city east of the Tigris, after which the nearby gate of Bab al-Khassa (Privy Gate) became known as the Bab Badr.Шаблон:Sfn

When Ubayd Allah died in 901, his sponsorship was instrumental in securing the succession to the vizierate of Ubayd Allah's son, Qasim, but the latter did not display any gratitude for this.Шаблон:Sfn Indeed, Qasim soon started intriguing against the Caliph and his sons, but when he tried to approach Badr to secure the support of the army, he was rebuffed with indignation. Qasim was saved from denunciation and execution by Badr's absence from the capital on campaign, and by Mu'tadid's sudden death in April 902.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As Badr still represented a threat, Qasim moved quickly to defame the general to the new caliph, al-Muktafi (Шаблон:Reign). His machinations quickly bore fruit, and Badr was forced to flee to Wasit. Qasim then enticed him to return to Baghdad by a guarantee of safe passage (Шаблон:Transl), but on 14 August 902 at al-Mada'in, the vizier's agents attacked Badr while he was praying and cut off his head to send to the Caliph. The corpse was left behind, and later recovered by his relatives and sent for burial at Mecca.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The murder of Badr was criticized by the poets of the time, and even the Caliph, "who might have been expected to heave a sigh of relief at seeing the head of the once-powerful general", is said to have reproached Qasim for it.Шаблон:Sfn

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