Английская Википедия:Baghdad Province (Safavid Empire)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For multi Шаблон:Infobox former country The Baghdad Province (Шаблон:Lang-fa) was a province of the Safavid Empire, centred on the territory of the present-day Iraq.Шаблон:Sfn Baghdad was the provincial capital and the seat of the Safavid governors.Шаблон:Sfn

In October 1508, Shah Ismail entered into Baghdad. He appointed as governor of Iraq and Baghdad a certain Khadem Beg Talish.Шаблон:Sfn After the Shah took Baghdad, the city and its environs remained in Safavid hands until the Ottomans took the area in 1534 during the Campaign of the Two Iraqs.Шаблон:Sfn

Other names

The Baghdad province later partly known as a Beglarbeglik under name of "Baghdad Beglarbeglik" (Шаблон:Lang-fa) nad sometimes called "Arabian Iraq Beglarbeglik" (Шаблон:Lang-fa) but In fact, Safavid territories of Arabian IraqШаблон:Efn consisted of Diyarbakr and Baghdad provinces.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Diyarbakr province fell to Ottomans in 1514 and only Baghdad province remained in the hands of Safavids.

History

In the last years of Aq Qoyunlu Confederation hegemony, the Шаблон:Ill (Шаблон:Lang-fa) supported the claims of Шаблон:Ill, helping him to maintain an authority in Baghdad;Шаблон:Sfn However the Purnak rule in Arabian Iraq survived the Safavid conquest of Diyarbakr by less than twelve months. In summer 1508, Shah Ismail I (Шаблон:Reign1501–1524) sent an envoy to Barik Beg Purnak, governor of Baghdad and Sultan Murad's commander-in-chief. Barik Beg declared his submission to Shah Ismail and his willingness to participate in the new order. Yet when Shah Ismail marched on Baghdad in person, Barik Beg and Sultan Murad fled to Aleppo. Entering the capital of Arabian Iraq in October 1508, Shah Ismail ordered the execution of all Purnak clansmen apprehended in the city. After abandoning Baghdad to the Safavids, Sultan Murad and Barik Beg tried without success to enlist the help of the Mamluk sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri against their enemies.Шаблон:Sfn With the Safavid takeover, many Persian merchants came to Baghdad and increased commercial activity.Шаблон:Sfn

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Ebrahim Khan Kalhor, governor of Baghdad, was killed by his own nephew, the chief of the Kalhor Kurds, who seized Arabian Iraq. In 1530, Shah Tahmasp I (Шаблон:Reign1524–1576) besieged and recaptured Baghdad, appointing Sharaf al-Din Sultan as governor of Baghdad.Шаблон:Sfn In December 1534, Ottoman sultan Suleiman I (Шаблон:Reign1520–1566) conquered Baghdad in Campaign of the Two Iraqs.Шаблон:Sfn On Tahmasp's order, his governor of Baghdad left the city for Basra. His deputies presented the key of the city gate to Sultan Suleiman, and thenceforth Baghdad and Arabian Iraq became a dominion of the Ottoman empire, except for brief interludes of Iranian occupation under Abbas I (Шаблон:Reign1588–1629) and Nader Shah (Шаблон:Reign1736–1747).Шаблон:Sfn

The Safavids managed to reclaim Baghdad in early 17th century. In January 1624, they conquered Baghdad at the beginning of the 1623–1639 war.Шаблон:Sfn Safavids defended against Ahmed Pasha's 1625–1626 campaign and Hüsrev Pasha's 1630 campaignШаблон:Sfn but finally in December 1638, Baghdad was retaken by Sultan Murad IV (Шаблон:Reign1623–1640) and subsequently the peace treaty was signed.Шаблон:Sfn In 1624, when Safiqoli Khan became the new governor, he built a Saray (governmental house) in Baghdad.Шаблон:Sfn Furthermore, after the death of Safiqoli, when Bektash Khan, his maternal uncle, succeeded himШаблон:Sfn made considerable repairs to the Baghdad's fortifications that were damaged in the previous sieges. He also built extensive outworks to prevent the enemy from approaching the walls of the city.Шаблон:Sfn

Administration

The Baghdad province was consisted of Hilla, Ramadiyeh, Wasit, Kirkuk, Mandali, Zahab and other subordinate districts. Najaf, Karbala, Kazemeyn and Samarra were the important cities of the province.Шаблон:Sfn Aftermore, Jastan district was a dependency of the Baghdad province.Шаблон:Sfn

The governor also was Amir al-umara (commander-in-chief) of the province.Шаблон:Sfn

Mint

There was a mint in Baghdad in which gold, silver and copper coins were struck.Шаблон:Sfn

List of governors

Footnotes

Notes

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References

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Sources

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Шаблон:Safavid Provinces Шаблон:Portal bar

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