Английская Википедия:Baghdadi Arabic
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes Шаблон:Infobox language Baghdadi Arabic is the Arabic dialect spoken in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. During the 20th century, Baghdadi Arabic has become the lingua franca of Iraq, and the language of commerce and education. It is considered a subset of Iraqi Arabic.[1]
Phonology
Vowels
The vowel phoneme Шаблон:IPA (from standard Arabic Шаблон:IPA) is usually realised as an opening diphthong, for most speakers only slightly diphthongised Шаблон:IPA, but for others a more noticeable Шаблон:IPA, such that, for instance, lēš ("why") will sound like leeyesh, much like a drawl in English. There's a vowel phoneme that evolved from the diphthong (Шаблон:IPA) to resemble more of a long (Шаблон:IPA) sound, as in words such as kaun ("universe") shifting to kōn. A schwa sound Шаблон:IPA is mainly heard in unstressed and stressed open and closed syllables.
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA |
| Mid | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | |
| Open | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | ||
Consonants
Even in the most formal of conventions, pronunciation depends upon a speaker's background.[2] Nevertheless, the number and phonetic character of most of the 28 consonants has a broad degree of regularity among Arabic-speaking regions. Note that Arabic is particularly rich in uvular, pharyngeal, and pharyngealized ("emphatic") sounds. The emphatic coronals (Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA, and Шаблон:IPA) cause assimilation of emphasis to adjacent non-emphatic coronal consonants.Шаблон:Citation needed The phonemes Шаблон:IPA ⟨پ⟩ and Шаблон:IPA ⟨ڤ⟩ (not used by all speakers) are not considered to be part of the phonemic inventory, as they exist only in foreign words and they can be pronounced as Шаблон:IPA ⟨ب⟩ and Шаблон:IPA ⟨ف⟩ respectively depending on the speaker.[3][4]
Phonetic notes:
- Шаблон:IPAslink and Шаблон:IPAslink occur mostly in borrowings from Persian, and may be assimilated to Шаблон:IPA or Шаблон:IPA in some speakers.
- Шаблон:IPA is heard in borrowings of non-Arabic languages.
- Шаблон:IPA is pronunciation of /Шаблон:IPA/ in Baghdad Arabic and the rest of southern Mesopotamian dialects.
- The gemination of the flap /ɾ/ results in a trill /r/.
See also
References
Sources
- Kees Versteegh, et al. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, BRILL, 2006.
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Further reading
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Teach Yourself Arabic, by Jack Smart (Author), Frances Altorfer (Author)
- ↑ Hans Wehr, Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (transl. of Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, 1952)
