Английская Википедия:Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox protected area Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park (Spanish: PNN Bahía Portete – Kaurrele) is a national natural park in Uribia, La Guajira, Colombia. The northernmost national park of mainland South America is located at the Caribbean coast of the La Guajira peninsula in Bahía Portete, between Cabo de la Vela and Punta Gallinas. Established on December 20, 2014, it is the most recently designated national park of the country. As of 2017, 59 nationally defined protected areas are incorporated in Colombia. The park hosts a high number of marine and terrestrial species.

Description

Шаблон:Location mark Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park, with an area of Шаблон:Convert, is located in the extreme north of Colombia, at the northern coast of La Guajira peninsula between Cabo de la Vela and Punta Gallinas, Colombia's mainland northernmost point. The park is within the boundaries of the municipality Uribia. The climate is hot and arid, due to the desert of La Guajira. Average temperatures range between Шаблон:Convert. The coastal area is characterised by humidity caused by the inland winds.[1] The marine bay area has an average depth of Шаблон:Convert, ranging from Шаблон:Convert.[2]

At the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century, the bay was known as El Portichuelo, an area where slaves were brought into Colonial Colombia. The sparsely populated area is inhabited by approximately 500 indigenous Wayuu.[3][4] On April 18, 2004, approximately forty paramilitaries tortured and assassinated six people, four of which were women. They burned various houses and dishonoured their cemeteries. More than 600 Wayuu fled to Venezuela.[5]

Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park was designated number 59 of the National Natural Parks of Colombia to protect the marine and littoral ecosystems of the La Guajira peninsula on December 20, 2014.[2] The declaration of the park as a protected area was initiated in 2003. The indigenous communities of the Wayuu, Kamushiwoü, Alijunao, Yariwanischi, Puerto Portete, Ian, Youlepa, Kayuuswaarraaloü and Punta Cosos Espacios contributed in the planning of the establishment of the protected area.[6][7] At the declaration of the park, president of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos said "Biodiversity is to Colombia, what oil is for the Arabs".[8] Mining and industrial fishing are prohibited.[9]

Biodiversity

Файл:Caracara cheriway.JPG
Crested caracara in La Guajira desert

Шаблон:Main Bahía Portete – Kaurrele Park comprises 25 species of reptiles and amphibians, relatively few mammals and marine fauna of 217 species have been registered in Bahía Portete.[10] The biodiversity of the park is rich in various other species.[11][12]

Fauna

Name Species Image
nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus
Файл:Armadillo-Florida-3000x2175 4.4MB-2009.jpg
southern long-nosed bat Leptonycteris curasoae
Файл:Southern long-nosed bat.jpg
red-tailed squirrel Sciurus granatensis splendidus
Файл:Sciurus granatensis - Weimar Meneses (6976842218).jpg
crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous aquilus
Файл:Crab-eating Fox.JPG
white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari
Файл:Tayassu pecari.jpg
brown hairy dwarf porcupine Coendou vestitus
American crocodile Crocodylus acutus
Файл:Large group of american crocodiles.jpg
green iguana Iguana iguana
Файл:Iguana iguana Portoviejo 04.jpg
rainbow whiptail Cnemidophorus lemniscatus
Файл:Rainbow Ameiva.jpg
brown vine snake Oxybelis aeneus
Файл:Brown Vinesnake (Oxybelis aeneus) (10598997254).jpg
South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus
Файл:Crotalus durissus terrificus (1).JPG
green sea turtle Chelonia mydas
Файл:Green Sea Turtle grazing seagrass.jpg
loggerhead Caretta caretta
Файл:Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) .jpg
hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata
Файл:Tortue imbriqueeld4.jpg
leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea
Файл:Leatherback sea turtle Tinglar, USVI (5839996547).jpg
olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea
Файл:Olive ridley hatchling in Mexico (8218893828).jpg
Mastigodryas pleei
Phimophis guianensis
Rivero's toad Bufo granulosus humboldti
Guayaquil dwarf frog Physalaemus pustulosos
American flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber
Файл:American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber).JPG
anhinga Anhinga anhinga
Файл:Anhinga in tree.jpg
bicolored conebill Conirostrum bicolor
Файл:Bicolored Conebill (Conirostrum bicolor).jpg
brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
Файл:Brown Pelican21K.jpg
cocoi heron Ardea cocoi
Файл:Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi) (28977964910).jpg
Crested caracara Caracara plancus
Файл:Crested caracara perched on a cactus.jpg
magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens
Файл:Fregata magnificens1.jpg
maguari stork Euxenura maguari
Файл:Ciconia maguari San Miguel del Monte - crop.jpg
Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Файл:Neotropic Cormorant, Cotúa Olivácea (Phalacrocorax brasilianus olivaceus).jpg
roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja
Файл:Roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja).JPG
scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber
Файл:2016 Roter Ibis.JPG
American white ibis Eudocimus albus
Файл:American White IbisII.jpg
American yellow warbler Dendroica petechia chrysendeta
Файл:Dendroica-aestiva-001.jpg
Wilson's plover Charadrius wilsonia
Файл:Wilson's Plover male RWD2.jpg
slender seahorse Hippocampus reidi
Файл:Hippocampus reidi brasil.jpeg
common snook Centropomus undecimalis
Файл:Centropomus undecimalis1.jpg
hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus
Файл:Hogfish.JPG
striped mojarra Eugerres plumieri
Файл:Eugerres plumieri SI.jpg
cubera snapper Lutjanus cyanopterus
Файл:Gfp-cubera-snapper.jpg
lane snapper Lutjanus synagris
Файл:Lutjanus synagris.jpg
mutton snapper Lutjanus analis
Файл:Lutjanus analis SI2.jpg
red porgy Pagrus pagrus
Файл:Pagrus pagrus.jpg
itajara Epinephelus itajara
Файл:Epinephelus itajara.jpg
Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus
Файл:3846 aquaimages.jpg
rainbow parrotfish Scarus guacamaia
Файл:Rainbow parrotfish.jpg
Atlantic tarpon Tarpon atlanticus
Файл:Megalops atlanticus.jpg
Atlantic wreckfish Polyprion americanus
Файл:Polyprion americanus.002 - Aquarium Finisterrae.jpg
bonefish Albula vulpes
Файл:Bonefish Albula vulpes.jpg
Tayrona blenny Emblemariopsis tayrona
Lebranche mullet Mugil liza
Cotuero toadfish Batrachoides manglae
crucifix sea catfish Arius proops
Jenny mojarra Eucinostomus gula
blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi
Файл:Blue crab.jpeg
Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus
Файл:Panulirus argus NOAA.jpg
Atlantic seabob Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
queen conch Strombus gigas
Файл:Sanc0493 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
mouse cowry Muracypraea mus
Файл:Cypraeidae - Muracyprea mus - Venezuela, Amway Bay.JPG
Atlantic triton Charonia variegata
Файл:Triton-eating-sea-cushion.jpg
magpie shell Cittarium pica
Файл:Cittarium pica 003.jpg
Cassis madagascariensis
Файл:Cassis madagascarensis 001.jpg
Haematopus palliatus
Penaeus notialis
Anachis coseli
Ancilla glabrata
Carpilus carallinus
Cassis flamea
Litopenaeus schmitti
Penaeus brasiliensis
Penaeus schmitti
red cushion sea star Oreaster reticulatus
Файл:Starfish.JPG
spiny flower coral Mussa angulosa
Файл:Mussa angulosa.jpg
elkhorn coral Acropora palmata
Файл:Elkhorn coral.jpg
staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis
Файл:Staghorn-coral-1.jpg
blushing star coral Stephanocoenia intersepta
Файл:Stephanosoenia michelinii 1.jpg

Flora

The coastal Bahía Portete Park is richer in flora than the surrounding desert. Common land plants are the cactus Opuntia wentiana and the mangrove tree Avicennia germinans.[13] Meadows of sea grasses of Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium are widely distributed in the marine portion of the park.[14][15]

Other protected areas in La Guajira

Файл:SFF Los Flamencos.JPG
Los Flamencos Sanctuary, west of Bahía Portete in La Guajira

La Guajira contains eight protected areas, three national and five regional.[7]

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Gallery

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See also

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References

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Bibliography

Шаблон:Biodiversity of Colombia Шаблон:Protected areas of Colombia

Шаблон:Authority control