Английская Википедия:Bahmanyar
Abu al-Hasan (or Abu al-Husayn) Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzban, better simply known as Bahmanyar (Шаблон:Lang-fa; died 1066) was an Iranian scholar,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn who is mainly known as one of the most prominent pupils of Avicenna (d. 1037).
Background
Bahmanyar was from a Zoroastrian family, reportedly from Azerbaijan in northern Iran.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn His father may have been the Bavandid prince al-Marzuban, who ruled in Mazandaran in the late 10th-century, and was the author of the Marzban-nama.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Bahmanyar's knowledge of Arabic was not perfect.Шаблон:Sfn
Life
Little is known of Bahmanyar's life. He most likely started his studies in philosophy along with Abu al-Qasim al-Kirmani in the Buyid city of Ray in northern Iran. There they both became involved in the administration, while they read Avicenna works.Шаблон:Sfn Bahmanyar was possibly part of the Buyid court in Ray through family ties with the Bavandid princess Sayyida Shirin, her husband Fakhr al-Dawla (Шаблон:Reign) and son Majd al-Dawla (Шаблон:Reign), both Buyid rulers of Ray.Шаблон:Sfn
Bahmanyar eventually started to interact with Avicenna, which would later result in the latter's creation of the al-Mubāḥathāt ("The Discussions"), which were mainly answers to questions made by Bahmanyar.Шаблон:Sfn The work was compiled sometime between 1024 and 1037, during Avicenna's stay in Isfahan, the capital of the Kakuyid ruler Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar (Шаблон:Reign).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In the work, Bahmanyar is referred to as al-Shaykh al-fāḍil ("the aristocratic gentleman").Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Bahmanyar and Avicenna possibly encountered each other in 1014/5 at Ray, when the latter worked for Sayyida Shirin and Majd al-Dawla.Шаблон:Sfn
Bahmanyar's main work, the Kitāb al-taḥṣīl ("The Summation"), which summarises Avicenna's logic, physics and metaphysics was written between 1024 and 1037 and dedicated to his Zoroastrian uncle, Abu Mansur Bahram ibn Khurshid ibn Yazdyar, who was possibly the son of the treasurer of the Buyid emperor Adud al-Dawla (Шаблон:Reign).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi (d. 1169) writes that Bahmanyar also wrote a book on logic and one on music and other works are attributed to him.Шаблон:Sfn
Beliefs
Some sources claim that he converted to Islam in his later lifetime, however, the earliest sources of him do not comment on this. His main work Kitāb al-taḥṣīl is ambiguous about his beliefs.Шаблон:Sfn While the introduction and conclusion of the book is made in a Muslim manner and character, it is unknown if these were part of the original version of the book or later added by secretaries.Шаблон:Sfn However, it is still plausible that he converted to Islam, due to his way of thinking on questions regarding divine unity and the struggle between good and evil, which Bahmanyar places inside the created order, contrary to the Zoroastrian belief that associates it with the divine essence.Шаблон:Sfn Furthermore, his kunya Abu al-Husayn may be a possible sign of a conversion to Shia Islam.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Encyclopaedia Iranica
- Шаблон:Encyclopaedia Islamica
- Шаблон:Encyclopaedia Iranica
- Шаблон:EI3
- Шаблон:Cite book
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- Year of birth unknown
- 11th-century Persian-language writers
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