Английская Википедия:Bakarwal
Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:UnreliableШаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox ethnic group The Bakarwal, (also spelled) Bakkarwal or Bakrawala, are a nomadic ethnic group who along with Gaddis and Gujjars, have been listed as Scheduled Tribes in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since 1991.[1] Bakerwal and Gujjar is the largest Muslim tribe and the third-largest ethnic community in the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir.[2]
They spread over a large area from Pir Panjal to Zanskar located in the Himalayan mountains of India. They are mainly found in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.[3]Шаблон:Page needed[4]Шаблон:Page needed
History and origin
The Bakarwals claim the same origin as Gujjar. The Gujjars are known by many names: Ajjadh, Dohdhi Gujjars, Banhara Gujjars, and Van-Gujjars.Шаблон:Citation needed
The Bakarwals claim to have traditionally practiced Hinduism,[5]Шаблон:Better source needed before their conversions to Islam.Шаблон:Facts
The Bakarwals belong to the same ethnic group as the Gujjars, and inter-tribal marriages take place among them.[6]Шаблон:Full
Etymology
The term Bakarwal is an occupational one and is derived from the Gojri word bakara meaning goat or sheep, and wal meaning "one who takes care of".[3]Шаблон:Page needed
Economy
As sheep and goat rearing transhumants, the Bakarwals alternate with the seasons between high and low altitudes in the hills of the Himalayas. From here, it is clear to see that the Bakarwals mainly follow a migration route through the foothills of the Himalayas as they can be found on the Upper Himalayan Range all the way down into the Lower Himalayan Range.[3]Шаблон:Page needed
Social status
Шаблон:As of, the Bakarwal were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's general reservation program of positive discrimination.[7][8]
In 1991 the Bakarwals, Gaddis and Gujjar were granted tribal status in Jammu and Kashmir by the Indian government after an exhaustive study. The Bakarwals were entered into revenue records as a separate tribal category according to the Indian constitution. Bakarwals belong to the same ethnic stock as the Gujjars, and inter-tribal marriages take place freely among them.[9]
References
Шаблон:Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book citing an unpublished paper by Negi, R. S. et al. "Socio-Economic Aspirations of Guijjara and Bakerwal"
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Indigenous peoples of South Asia
- Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir
- Ethnic groups in India
- Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
- Transhumant ethnic groups
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