Английская Википедия:Baker Motor Vehicle
Шаблон:Lead too short Шаблон:Infobox company
Baker Motor Vehicle Company was an American manufacturer of Brass Era electric automobiles in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1899 to 1914. It was founded by Walter C. Baker.
History
The first Baker vehicle was a two seater with a selling price of US$850. One was sold to Thomas Edison as his first car.[1] Edison also designed the nickel-iron batteries used in some Baker electrics. These batteries have extremely long lives Шаблон:Citation needed.
1902 accident
In May 1902, Baker took part in a speed trial on a public road on Staten Island, New York.[2] The vehicle was built specially for racing, having previously raced in Cleveland, and was a streamlined and enclosed 'torpedo' body with a small conning tower and even smaller mica window for the driver. A crew of two were carried, one acting as brakesman whilst W C Baker, the driver, steered. Although carrying two people increased the weight, this was a small matter when the car already weighed Шаблон:Cvt, mostly of lead-zinc batteries. The intention was to exceed 60 mph and to cover 'a mile a minute' from a standing start, beating the performance of the more powerful gasoline cars and the 1901 electric record by a Riker of 1:08.
The Baker was car 39 from the start and set a good time for the first part of the course, but then lost control and slid sideways into the crowd. A number of spectators were injured and two killed. In the aftermath, the Automobile Club of America resolved to stop races on public roads and there was a general loss of confidence in the safety of electric cars.[3][4][5]
Early production
The model range was expanded in 1904 to two vehicles, both two-seaters with armored wood-frames, centrally-located electric motors, and 12-cell batteries.[6]
The Runabout had Шаблон:Convert, weighed Шаблон:Convert, and had a wheelbase of 58-in.[6] The Stanhope cost US$1,600, weighed Шаблон:Convert, had Шаблон:Convert and three-speed transmission. It was capable of Шаблон:Convert.
In 1906, Baker made 800 cars, making them the largest electric vehicle maker in the world at the time.[1] They bragged that their new factory was "the largest in the world" in advertisements. The company also made a switch from producing Baker Electric Carriages to automobiles. According to the company promotionals; "We employ the choicest materials in every detail of their construction and finish, producing vehicles which in every minute particular, cannot be equaled for thorough excellence."[7]
The 1906 Baker Landolet was priced at $4,000. The company also manufactured the Imperial, Suburban, Victoria, Surrey, Depot Carriages, and other new models "to be announced later."[7] One of the most unusual 1906 Bakers was the Brougham with the driver on the outside, in the back.[8]
By 1907, Baker had seventeen models, the smallest being the Stanhope and the largest the Inside Drive Coupe. There was also the US$4,000 Extension Front Brougham with the driving seat high up behind the passengers mimicking a hansom cab. Baker also introduced a range of trucks with capacity of up to five tons in 1907.
In late 1910, the Baker Electric was quite luxurious and priced at $2,800. It had a seating capacity of four passengers and was painted black with choice of blue, green or maroon panels. The latest model also offered a Queen Victoria body as "interchangeable on chassis" priced at an additional $300.[9]
The Baker of 1910 was the only electric that had a heavy series-wound motor of 300 percent overload capacity, with a commutator "absolutely proof against sparking and burning under all conditions."[9]
Special Baker Electrics
- A Baker Electric was part of the first White House fleet of cars.[10] It was driven by Helen Taft, wife of William Howard Taft, and later by Edith Bolling Wilson.[11]
- A Baker Electric was bought in 1903 by King Chulalongkorn of Siam. It was trimmed with ivory and gold, and upholstered with pigskin seats.[10][12]
Commercial vehicles
The Baker Motor-Vehicle Company, located at 63 West 80th Street in Cleveland, Ohio, specialized in vehicles for the commercial market. By October 1912, the company had a Commercial Car Department and had dealers situated in several leading cities around the United States.[13]
During late 1912, Baker advertised that the average cost for deliveries over the "steep hills" of Spokane, Washington, by Crescent Department Store were four cents a piece, including all operating charges, maintenance, interest and depreciation.[13]
By late 1913, the company advertised their new model as "The magnificent new Baker Coupe" and that the car was "just what the public demanded, a genuine automobile, not an electrically driven coach". That year, the car had "increased roominess, full limousine back, longer wheelbase, graceful, low-hung body lines, with both interior and exterior conveniences and appointments which have set a new mark in motor car refinement". Another new feature were revolving front seats which faced forward or "turn about".[14]
Merger
In 1913, Baker was overtaken in sales by Detroit Electric and, in 1914, merged with fellow Cleveland automaker Rauch and Lang to become Baker, Rauch & Lang.[1] The last Baker cars were made in 1916, but electric industrial trucks continued for a few more years. Baker, Rauch & Lang produced the Owen Magnetic under contract.
Founder Walter C. Baker's Torpedo land speed record racer was the first car to have seat belts. The car was capable of over Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Citation needed
Walter Baker joined the board of Peerless Motor Company in 1919.[1]
Advertisements
In popular culture
A 1916 Baker Electric featured in a 1959 episode of Peter Gunn entitled "Love Me to Death".[15] A 1916 Baker Electric was also featured in a 1960 episode of Dennis the Menace.[16]
See also
- List of automobile manufacturers
- List of car brands
- History of the electric vehicle
- Search for the Super Battery (2017 PBS film)
References
Further reading
- Jay Leno, "The 100-Year-Old Electric Car", Popular Mechanics, May 1, 2007
- Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (January, 1904)
- David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles Шаблон:ISBN
External links
- Baker Electric Vehicles (1907) - Sales catalog featuring specifications and pricing for various models at Cleveland Public Library.
- My Classic Car Season 10 Episode 14 - Jay Leno's Baker Electric Car
- Blog about Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Baker electric car restoration
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокNYT, 1902не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокAnderson, Bakerне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMedium, 1902не указан текст - ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSiamне указан текст - ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ https://www.imcdb.org/v425684.html
- Английская Википедия
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- Brass Era vehicles
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