Английская Википедия:Baldwin V of Jerusalem

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Baldwin V (1177 or 1178Шаблон:Spaced ndash1186) was the king of Jerusalem who reigned together with his uncle Baldwin IV from 1183 to 1185 and, after his uncle's death, as the sole king from 1185 to his death. Baldwin IV's leprosy meant that he could not have children, and so he spent his reign grooming various relatives to succeed him. Finally his nephew was chosen, and Baldwin IV had him crowned as co-king in order to sideline the child's unpopular stepfather, Guy of Lusignan. When Baldwin IV died, Count Raymond III of Tripoli assumed government on behalf of the child king. Baldwin V died of unknown causes, and was succeeded by his mother, Sibylla, who then made Guy king.

Background

Baldwin of Montferrat was born in December 1177 or January 1178 to Sibylla, sister of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, after whom he was named.Шаблон:Sfn His father, William of Montferrat, had died in June 1177.Шаблон:Sfn Though only 16, the king was not expected to live long, nor could he marry and have children, because he had contracted leprosy and was growing weaker.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn William had thus been expected to succeed him. By July 1178, the king recognized his sister as his new heir presumptive.Шаблон:Sfn Her son, Baldwin of Montferrat, followed her in the line of succession.Шаблон:Sfn

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state in the Levant ruled by Catholic Franks,Шаблон:Sfn was often threatened by the neighbouring Muslim powers.Шаблон:Sfn Because of the King's illness, it was imperative that the young Baldwin's mother, Sibylla, remarry soon;Шаблон:Sfn she married Guy of Lusignan in early 1180Шаблон:Sfn and had four daughters with him.Шаблон:Sfn Baldwin IV initially intended Guy to become the next king,Шаблон:Sfn but soon realized that Guy was a poor candidate because of his unpopularity with the barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and rulers of the neighbouring Crusader states, Prince Bohemond III of Antioch and Count Raymond III of Tripoli.Шаблон:Sfn

Kingship

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Baldwin IV on his sickbed and Baldwin V crowned, as depicted in William of Tyre's manuscripts

In 1183, King Baldwin IV summoned a council to discuss who could succeed him as king instead of his brother-in-law, Guy.Шаблон:Sfn The supporters of the King's sister, Sibylla, were not present, while his younger half-sister, Isabella, and Isabella's husband, Humphrey IV of Toron, were not viable candidates as they were besieged in Kerak by the Egyptian ruler Saladin. Agnes of Courtenay, mother of Sibylla and Baldwin IV, suggested that the young Baldwin, son of Sibylla, should be made co-king with Baldwin IV. Agnes may have acted to foil the ambitions of Raymond of Tripoli, who also had a claim to the throne. As the boy had the next best claim after his mother, his grandmother's proposal was widely accepted. Baldwin V was acclaimed, crowned and anointed in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on 20 November 1183, and he received homage from all the barons except his stepfather, Guy.Шаблон:Sfn

Roger de Moulins and Arnold of Torroja, grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller and Knights Templar respectively, and the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, Heraclius, travelled to Western Europe in mid-1184 to seek military aid in defense of the kingdom against potential Muslim attacks.Шаблон:Sfn It became apparent in late 1184 or early 1185 that Baldwin IV was dying. He summoned the High Court to select a regent for his nephew.Шаблон:Sfn Both the King and the barons wanted to prevent Guy from ruling in the boy's name.Шаблон:Sfn They appointed Raymond, but made Joscelin of Courtenay the child's guardian.Шаблон:Sfn Baldwin V suffered from ill health,Шаблон:Sfn and the contemporary chronicler Ernoul states that Raymond insisted on not having custody of the King so that he would not be blamed if the child died; the historian Bernard Hamilton doubts that the custody arrangement was Raymond's idea.Шаблон:Sfn Joscelin was Baldwin V's granduncle with no claim to the throne and had a vested interest in keeping the boy alive. On the other hand, the High Court suspected that Raymond might seek to make himself king and imposed limits on his power to ensure that he could not usurp the royal dignity.Шаблон:Sfn

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Balian carrying Baldwin V to banquet after the boy's coronation

After the question of regency was settled, Baldwin V and Raymond received homage as king and regent, respectively. The young king then took part in a solemn crown-wearing ceremony in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at his uncle's command.Шаблон:Sfn From there the boy was carried to banquet on the shoulders of Balian of Ibelin "because he was the tallest of the great lords present";Шаблон:Sfn in reality, Balian was chosen to carry the young king because he was a staunch opponent of Guy and the stepfather of Baldwin IV and Sibylla's half-sister, Isabella, the only other possible contender for the throne. Balian's gesture thus signified Isabella's family's support of the boy king.Шаблон:Sfn Baldwin IV had died by 16 May 1185, leaving Baldwin V as the sole monarch.Шаблон:Sfn

The kingdom faced no external threats during Baldwin V's reign, as Raymond succeeded in procuring a truce from Saladin.Шаблон:Sfn Western princes refused to come to aid, likely because they could not be offered the crown but, at most, the prospect of a temporary rule on behalf of a minor.Шаблон:Sfn Only the king's paternal grandfather, experienced crusader Marquess William V of Montferrat, moved to the East, ensuring that the child's rights would be upheld.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Though the failure of the mission to Europe secured his regency, Raymond could not exercise much power; key government posts were occupied by the supporters of Guy, who continued to resent not being regent for his stepson.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Chart top Шаблон:Chart/start Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Tree chart Шаблон:Chart/end Шаблон:Chart bottom

Death and aftermath

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An illustration of Baldwin V's tomb by Elzear Horn, which helped the art historian Zehava Jacoby reconstruct the tomb

Baldwin V died of unknown causes in Acre between May and mid-September 1186.Шаблон:Sfn The exact date is not known;Шаблон:Sfn the historian Steven Runciman proposes late August.Шаблон:Sfn The contemporary chronicler William of Newburgh wrote that Baldwin was poisoned by his regent, Raymond of Tripoli, but William was generally hostile to the count. Foul play by Raymond is unlikely because the king was in the care of his granduncle Joscelin of Courtenay.Шаблон:Sfn

The Templars took Baldwin's body to Jerusalem,Шаблон:Sfn becoming the seventh and last of the Latin kings to be buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.Шаблон:Sfn Baldwin's mother, Sibylla, promptly established herself as the successor to her sonШаблон:Sfn and then invested her husband, Guy, with kingship.Шаблон:Sfn Jerusalem was conquered by Saladin in 1187. Baldwin's mother and half-sisters died in 1190, leaving his half-aunt, Isabella I, as the heir to what remained of the kingdom.Шаблон:Sfn Baldwin V's elaborate tomb, likely commissioned by Sibylla, survived until 1808 when it was destroyed in a fire.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book