Английская Википедия:Banu Hashim

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes needed Шаблон:Infobox tribe Шаблон:Muhammad The Banū Hāshim (Шаблон:Lang-ar) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.

Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashimids, Hashimites, or Hashemites, and often carry the surname [[Al-Hashimi (surname)|Шаблон:Transliteration]]. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of [[Sharif|Шаблон:Transliteration]] (often synonymous to Шаблон:Transliteration).

From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule. Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the Alaouit (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (rulers of Jordan, 1921–present).

History

Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the Banu Najjar, an Azdi clan.

Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia). Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe, and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd-Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.

Dynasties

The following Royal and Imperial dynasties claim descent from Hashim:

Europe

• Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)

Arabia

• Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris)Шаблон:Sfn
• Abbasid dynasty of the Abbasid Caliphate (through Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib)Шаблон:Sfn
• Abbasids of Cairo, the ceremonial heads of Mamluk Sultanate from 1261 to 1517. (descendant of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hakim)
• Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Empire including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar)Шаблон:Sfn
• Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna)Шаблон:Sfn
• Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty)Шаблон:Sfn

Africa

• 'Alawi dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyah bin Abdullah al-Kamal)Шаблон:Sfn
• Sa'di dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyah bin Abdullah al-Kamal)Шаблон:Sfn
• Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah)Шаблон:Sfn
• Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty)
• Ishaqids:
  • Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)
  • Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)
  • Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)
• Daaroods:
  • Gerad Dynasty of the Warsangali Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jeberti)
  • Majeerteen Dynasty of the Majeerteen Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
  • Bah Yaqub Dynasty of the Hobyo Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
    Ogaden Dynasty of the Ogaden Sultanate (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jabarti)
  • Asharaf clan of Somalia benadiri region (through Ali ibn Abi Talib's children Hasan& Husayn)

Indo-Persia

• Alids of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana)
• Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through Zayd ibn Ali)Шаблон:Sfn
• Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali)
• The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty)Шаблон:Sfn
• Mirs of Rajhat (Through Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin)
• Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza)
• Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)

East Asia

• Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)Шаблон:Sfn
• Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)Шаблон:Sfn
• House of Temenggong of Johor (as cadet branches of Bendahara Dynasty)

Family tree

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• Note that direct lineage is marked in bold.

See also

• Non-Muslims who interacted with Muslims during Muhammad's era
• Abbasid caliphs
• Abbasid architecture
• Hashmi
• Sayyid
• Awan (tribe)
• Husseini
• Banu Umayya
• Umayyad dynasty
• Umayyad Caliphate
• Abbasid Caliphate
• Family tree of Muhammad
• Quraysh

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Ba'Alawi (Al Husayni Al Hashimi Al Qurayshi) Sadah of Hadhramaut
• Banu Hashim – Before the Birth of Islam
• Genealogy Шаблон:Webarchive of the Hashemite Banu Abbas.