Английская Википедия:Bao Zhao
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Bao Zhao (Шаблон:Zh; c. 414Шаблон:SndSeptember 466) was a Chinese poet, writer, and official known for his shi poetry, fu rhapsodies, and parallel prose who lived during the Liu Song dynasty (420–479). Bao's best known surviving work is his "Fu on the Ruined City" (Wú chéng fù Шаблон:Lang), a long fu rhapsody on the ruined city of Guangling (now Yangzhou).Шаблон:Sfnp
Life and career
Bao Zhao, courtesy name Mingyuan (Шаблон:Lang), was born around the year ADШаблон:Nbsp414. He was probably born in the town of Jingkou (modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province), though some sources say he was born in Shangdang (modern Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province) or Xuzhou (modern Tancheng County, Shandong Province).Шаблон:Sfnp Bao's younger sister Bao Linghui was also a poet, and seven of her poems have survived.Шаблон:Sfnp
Little is known of Bao's early life. He was born into a scholar-class family whose fortunes had declined.Шаблон:Sfnp He was probably a farmer as a young man before beginning his career as an official on the staffs of local princes of the Liu Song dynasty.Шаблон:Sfnp Beginning in about 438, Bao served as an attendant gentleman (shìláng Шаблон:Lang) to Liu Yiqing (Шаблон:Lang), the prince of Linchuan. In the early 440s, Liu served as governor of Jiangzhou (roughly corresponding to modern Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces), and Bao writes that he traveled around the area of modern Jiujiang, writing poems on the mountain scenery around Mount Lu.Шаблон:Sfnp
After Liu Yiqing's death in 444, Bao briefly returned home to Jingkou. Then, in 445, he joined the staff of Liu Jun (Шаблон:Lang; 436Шаблон:Ndash463), another Liu Song prince, who was serving as governor of Yangzhou (modern Nanjing).Шаблон:Sfnp Bao spent several years in Liu Jun's service and accompanied him on his campaign to retaliate against the Xianbei-ruled Northern Wei dynasty, which had invaded southern China in January 451.Шаблон:Sfnp Bao left Liu Jun's staff about 452, spending the next 12 years serving in various local governmental positions, as well as a stint in the imperial capital Jiankang (modern Nanjing) as a professor at the Imperial Academy.Шаблон:Sfnp
In 464, Bao joined the staff of the seven-year-old prince Liu Zixu (Шаблон:Lang; 457Шаблон:Ndash466), who nominally served as governor of Jingzhou.Шаблон:Sfnp In early 466, another Liu Song prince rebelled and declared himself Emperor, and Liu Zixu soon joined the rebellion, probably encouraged by his adult advisors. The rebellion was put down in the following months, and in September 466 imperial forces retook Jingzhou. Because the rebellion was organized by the prince's aides and administrators, and not the young prince himself, Bao was unable to escape punishment for his involvement.Шаблон:Sfnp The nine-year-old Liu Zixu was forced to commit suicide, and all of his staff members, including the approximately 52-year-old Bao, were executed.Шаблон:Sfnp
Works
About 200 of Bao Zhao's poems survive.Шаблон:Sfnp His works were initially gathered into a collection several decades after his death, but this collection seems to have been lost during the Tang dynasty (618Шаблон:Ndash907). Eleven of Bao's poems are preserved in the early medieval anthology Selections of Refined Literature (Wen xuan 文選).Шаблон:Sfnp
Bao's most famous piece is his "Fu on the Ruined City" (Wú chéng fù Шаблон:Lang), a moving fu rhapsody on the former capital, Guangling, which had been razed to the ground in the Northern Wei invasion of January 451.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp It gives an account of the ruined capital, contrasted with its former grandiosity, in a nostalgic and longing fashion that is common in Liu Song-era poetry.Шаблон:Sfnp Another of Bao's surviving fu rhapsodies is "Fu on the Dancing Cranes" (Wǔ hè fù Шаблон:Lang), which describes a troupe of trained performing cranes.Шаблон:Sfnp
Bao also composed shi poetry, and is best known for his use of the yuefu lyrical song genre.Шаблон:Sfnp Bao is the first Chinese poet known to have composed shi poetry in the seven-syllable line format where, instead of the traditional AAAA rhyme scheme in which each line in a stanza rhymed, a more mixed rhyme scheme of ABCB was used.Шаблон:Sfnp
References
Footnotes
Works cited
