Английская Википедия:Barium sulfide
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Chembox
Barium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula BaS. BaS is the barium compound produced on the largest scale.[1] It is an important precursor to other barium compounds including BaCO3 and the pigment lithopone, ZnS/BaSO4.[2] Like other chalcogenides of the alkaline earth metals, BaS is a short wavelength emitter for electronic displays.[3] It is colorless, although like many sulfides, it is commonly obtained in impure colored forms.
Discovery
BaS was prepared by the Italian alchemist Vincentius (or Vincentinus) Casciarolus (or Casciorolus, 1571–1624) via the thermo-chemical reduction of BaSO4 (available as the mineral barite).[4] It is currently manufactured by an improved version of Casciarolus's process using coke in place of flour and charcoal. This kind of conversion is called a carbothermic reaction:
- BaSO4 + 2 C → BaS + 2 CO2
and also:
- BaSO4 + 4 C → BaS + 4 CO
The basic method remains in use today. BaS dissolves in water. These aqueous solutions, when treated with sodium carbonate or carbon dioxide, give a white solid of barium carbonate, a source material for many commercial barium compounds.[5]
According to Harvey (1957),[6] in 1603, Vincenzo Cascariolo used barite, found at the bottom of Mount Paterno near Bologna, in one of his non-fruitful attempts to produce gold. After grinding and heating the mineral with charcoal under reducing conditions, he obtained a persistent luminescent material rapidly called Lapis Boloniensis, or Bolognian stone.[7][8] The phosphorescence of the material obtained by Casciarolo made it a curiosity.[9][10][11]
Preparation
A modern procedure proceeds from barium carbonate:[12]
BaS crystallizes with the NaCl structure, featuring octahedral Ba2+ and S2− centres.
The observed melting point of barium sulfide is highly sensitive to impurities.[13]
Safety
BaS is quite poisonous, as are related sulfides, such as CaS, which evolve toxic hydrogen sulfide upon contact with water.
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
- ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite conference
- ↑ F. Licetus, Litheosphorus, sive de lapide Bononiensi lucem in se conceptam ab ambiente claro mox in tenebris mire conservante, Utini, ex typ. N. Schiratti, 1640. See http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/texts/Demonstration_21.htm Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Ullmann
- ↑ Harvey E. Newton (1957). A History of Luminescence: From the Earliest Times until 1900. Memoirs of the American Physical Society, Philadelphia, J. H. FURST Company, Baltimore, Maryland (USA), Vol. 44, Chapter 1, pp. 11-43.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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Шаблон:Barium compounds Шаблон:Sulfides
