Английская Википедия:Barkam
Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox settlement Шаблон:Infobox Chinese Barkam or Markang or Muerkvua is a county-level city in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, in the northwest of Sichuan province, China. The city seat is the town of Barkam.[1][2] As of the 2010 Chinese Census, Barkam has a population of 58,437.[1]
Toponymy
Barkam comes from the Tibetan "place of strong fire" and, by extension, "place of prosperity".[1]
History
Historically, Barkam belonged to the Somang Tusi (Шаблон:Lang-zh), one of the Gyalrong Tusi.[1] The area was administered as three units: Zhuokeji (Шаблон:Lang-zh), Zonggag (Шаблон:Lang-zh), and Tamba (Шаблон:Lang-zh).[1]
During the Qin dynasty, the area belonged to Jiandi Dao.[3] It belonged to Шаблон:Interlanguage link during the Han dynasty.[3] During the Tang and Song dynasties, the area was part of the Jimi system.[3] The area was governed by the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs during the Yuan dynasty.[3] During the reign of the Yongle Emperor during the Ming dynasty, the area belonged to the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[3] During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, the area was brought under the control of the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[3] Under the subsequent Jiaqing Emperor, the area was reorganized as the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[3]
During the Republic of China, the area was organized as Lifan County (Шаблон:Lang-zh).[3]
People's Republic of China
In December 1950, officials from nearby Mao County embarked on a mission to establish temporary governing committees in the area of present-day Barkam.[3] The People's Republic of China established control of the area in August 1951.[3] In September 1951, the area was incorporated as the Situ Aba Provisional Military Government Committee (Шаблон:Lang-zh).[1][3] In April 1953, Barkam was organized as the Barkam Office (Шаблон:Lang-zh).[1][3] Barkam was reorganized as a county on April 21, 1956.[3]
In 1957, the areas of Sizhai (Шаблон:Lang-zh), Шаблон:Interlanguage link (Шаблон:Lang-zh), and Шаблон:Interlanguage link (Шаблон:Lang-zh) were moved from Barkam County to nearby Hongyuan County.[1]
In November 2015, the State Council agreed to reorganize Barkam as a county-level city.[1][3]
On December 18, 2019, the Department of Civil Affairs of Sichuan Province approved the merger of the now-defunct town of Шаблон:Interlanguage link into the town of Barkam.[4]
Geography
Barkam is located within the southwest portion of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, in northwest Sichuan.[2] The city is located on the southern edge of the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[2] Major rivers that flow through Barkam include the Шаблон:Interlanguage link, the Chabao River (Шаблон:Lang-zh), and the Шаблон:Interlanguage link.[2] Barkam's canyons are densely forested, with major tree genus's including fir, spruce, larch, birch, and oak.[5] Quercus semecarpifolia, a species of oak tree, is present in Barkam.[5]
Fauna
The forests in the mountains are home to various protected animals such as leopards, Thorold's deer, sika deer, takin, and various birds.[5]
Climate
Due to its elevation, Barkam lies in the transition between a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) and humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with strong monsoonal influences; winters are frosty and summers warm with frequent rain. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from Шаблон:Convert in December and January to Шаблон:Convert in July, while the annual mean is Шаблон:Convert. Nearly two-thirds of the annual precipitation of Шаблон:Convert occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 36% in June to 65% in December, the town receives 2,133 hours of bright sunshine annually. Diurnal temperature variation is large, averaging Шаблон:Convert annually. <section begin="weatherbox" /> Шаблон:Weather box<section end="weatherbox" />
Administrative divisions
Barkam administers the following three towns and 10 townships:[6]
Demographics
As of the 2010 Chinese Census, Barkam has a population of 58,437.[1] This represents an increase from the 55,046 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.[1] Barkam had a population of 54 735 in 1999.[8] In 1996, Barkam had an estimated population of 54,000.[1]
As of 2016 government figures, 77.41% of Barkam is classified as ethnically Tibetan, while 18.09% is ethnically Han Chinese, 2.97% is ethnically Qiang, 1.20% is ethnically Hui, and the remaining 0.34% belong to other ethnic groups.[9]
The area is traditionally inhabited by a branch of Rgyalrong people who speak the Situ language.[10] Шаблон:Interlanguage link hosts a unique dialect of Situ.[11]
Economy
As of 2021, Barkam has a gross domestic product (GDP) of about 4.6 billion renminbi (RMB).[12] This represents an approximate 70% increase from 2016.[12] GDP per capita as of 2021 was approximately 78,000 RMB, also a 70% increase from 2016.[12]
Barkam is home to over 1,300 ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine, including many derived from local deer, bears, cattle, fungus, and lilies.[5]
Transport
- China National Highway 317[2]
- Sichuan Provincial Highway 210[2]
Tourism
Major historical sites in Barkam include:
- Шаблон:Interlanguage link[2]
- Шаблон:Interlanguage link[2]
- Zonggag Zhibo Stone Blockhouse Group (Шаблон:Lang-zh)[2]
- Red Army Slogan Stone Inscription (Шаблон:Lang-zh)[2]
- Zhuomu Blockhouse Meeting Site (Шаблон:Lang-zh)[2]
Notes
External links
- Шаблон:In lang Maerkang County Government site Шаблон:Webarchive - Шаблон:Google translation
- Шаблон:In lang Maerkang - bashu.net - Шаблон:Google translation
Шаблон:County-level divisions of Sichuan Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ National Population Statistics Materials by County and City - 1999 Period, in China County & City Population 1999, Harvard China Historical GIS
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Шаблон:Cite web
