Английская Википедия:Barnaul

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Russian inhabited locality Шаблон:Infobox

Barnaul (Шаблон:Lang-ru, Шаблон:IPA-ru) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob Rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877,[1] making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District.

Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy Demidov family, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.

Administrative and municipal status

Barnaul is the administrative centre of the krai.[2] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the work settlement of Yuzhny and twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the city of krai significance of Barnaul – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[3] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as Barnaul Urban Okrug.[4]

Geography

Barnaul is located in the forest steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain, on the left bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Barnaulka.

The border with Kazakhstan is Шаблон:Convert to the south, which makes Barnaul the closest major city to the Altai Mountains. The city is also situated relatively close to the Russian border with Mongolia and the border with China.

History

Шаблон:For timeline

Ancient history

The area around the city has been inhabited by modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans, for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for Scythian and various Turkic peoples.[5]

Russian Empire

While 1730 is considered Barnaul's official establishment date, its first mention dates back to 1724.[6] It was granted city status in 1771.[7] Chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, it was founded by the wealthy Demidov family.[7] The Demidovs wanted to develop the copper in the mountains, and soon found substantial deposits of silver as well. In 1747, the Demidovs' factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became the centre of silver production of the Russian Empire.[8]

In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest conscription riot in Russia during World War I. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.[9]

Maria Stepanovna (née Zudilova) (1912–1996) was born and lived as a child in this city. She later became the mother of American actresses Natalie Wood (born Natalia Zakharenko) and Lana Wood (born Lana Gurdin).[10] Her father Stepan was killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Maria and her siblings as refugees to Harbin, China. Maria married a Russian there, and they had a daughter Olga together. Maria eventually immigrated with Olga to the United States, where she married another Russian immigrant, from Vladivostok, and had two daughters with him.[10]

World War II

Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in World War II is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul.[11]

Demographics

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Barnaul was:[12]

Ethnicity Population Percentage
Russians 492,285 95.9%
Tajiks 2,701 0.5%
Germans 2,644 0.5%
Ukrainians 1,759 0.3%
Armenians 1,668 0.3%
Other Ethnicities 12,398 2.4%

Шаблон:Historical populations

Economy

Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear.[13] The Barnaul Cartridge Plant, a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city.

Transportation

Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, Turk–Sib and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines.[14]

Barnaul has public transport of Buses, Minibuses, Trolleybuses, Trams and Taxies. Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar.

Barnaul International Airport is located 16 kilometres West of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc.

Climate

The humid continental climate of Barnaul (Köppen Dfb) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian steppe: it is subject to long winters, with an average of Шаблон:Convert in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of Шаблон:Convert in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below Шаблон:Convert in the winter to above Шаблон:Convert in the summer.

The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is Шаблон:Convert per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.

Шаблон:Weather box

Файл:Barnaul41.jpg
A historical wooden house in Barnaul on the Socialisticheskiy Prospect
Файл:Barnaul Imperator Restaurant.jpg
A historical wooden house used to be as the Imperator Restaurant (former Russian Tea Restaurant), now is under reconstruction
Файл:Barnaul Skyline 2007.jpg
View of central Barnaul in the summer of 2007
Файл:Барнаул, Змеиногорский тракт, жилой дом - panoramio.jpg
Modern apartment building, built in 2010
Файл:Aist-skulptura.jpg
Park in Barnaul
Файл:Barnaul River Port.jpg
The Ob River in Barnaul

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Шаблон:See also Barnaul is twinned with:[16][17] Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

Шаблон:Altai Krai Шаблон:Rural localities in Barnaul urban okrug Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Charter of Altai Krai, Article 6
  3. ↑ Law #28-ZS
  4. ↑ Law #144-ZS
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Charter of Barnaul, Article 4
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Lambert, Gavin (2004). Natalie Wood: A Life, London: Faber and Faber, p.8. Шаблон:ISBN
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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