Английская Википедия:Barracuda-class submarine (France)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

The Barracuda class (or Suffren class) is a class of nuclear attack submarines, designed by the French shipbuilder Naval Group (formerly known as DCNS and DCN) for the French Navy. It is intended to replace the Шаблон:Sclasss. Construction began in 2007 and the first unit was commissioned on 6 November 2020. The lead boat of the class, Шаблон:Ship, entered service on 3 June 2022.

History

Development

In October 1998, the Delegation Générale pour l'Armement, the French government's defense procurement agency, established an integrated project team consisting of the Naval Staff, DCN (now known as Naval Group), Technicatome and the Commissariat a l'Énergie Atomique, a regulatory body that oversees nuclear power plants, to oversee the design of a new attack submarine class. DCN was to be the boat's designer and builder while Technicatome (since acquired by Areva) was to be responsible for the nuclear power plant. The two companies were to act jointly as a single prime contractor to share the industrial risks, manage the schedules, and be responsible for the design's performance and costs, which at the time was estimated to be US$4.9 billion.

On 22 December 2006, the French government placed a €7.9 billion order for six Barracuda submarines with Naval Group and their nuclear power plants with Areva-Technicatome. According to the DGA “Competition at the subcontractor level will be open to foreign companies for the first time.” According to the contract, the first boat was to commence sea trials in early 2016, with delivery occurring in late 2016/early 2017. This was to be followed by entry into service in late 2017. However, this timetable for service entry was later pushed back into the early 2020s.

The first boat of the class, Suffren, became fully operational in June 2022. The second boat of the class, Duguay-Trouin, also suffered delays but began sea trials on 26 March 2023, performing her first dive on 27 and 28 March.

Conventionally-powered variants

DCNS/Naval Group has also put forward diesel-electric variants of the Barracuda, for several other navies. One conventionally-powered concept, dubbed the SMX-Ocean, features fuel cells and vertical launchers.

In 2016, another variant, known within Naval Group as the Shortfin Barracuda – with a diesel-electric powerplant and scaled-down missile capabilities – was offered to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). That same year, the Shortfin Barracuda was selected by the Australian government, for a major expansion of the RAN submarine fleet during the 2030s. A total of 12 vessels were to enter service with the RAN from 2032, augmenting and replacing six Шаблон:Sclass vessels. However, on 16 September 2021, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced the cancellation of the contract with Naval Group and the creation of AUKUS, a trilateral security pact between the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, that will help the latter acquire nuclear-powered submarines.

Naval Group is also offering a variant of the Shortfin diesel-electric design, as a replacement for the current Шаблон:Sclass submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy.

Description

Barracudas will integrate technology from the Шаблон:Sclass, including pump-jet propulsion. This class reportedly produces approximately 1/1000 of the detectable noise of the Шаблон:Sclass boats, and they are ten times more sensitive in detecting other submarines. They will be fitted with torpedo tube-launched MdCN cruise missiles for long-range (well above Шаблон:Convert) strikes against strategic land targets. Their missions will include anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, land attack, intelligence gathering, crisis management and special operations.

The Barracuda class nuclear reactor incorporates several improvements over that of the preceding Rubis. Notably, it extends the time between refueling and complex overhauls (RCOHs) from 7 to 10 years, enabling higher at-sea availability.

In support of special operations missions, the Barracuda can also accommodate up to 15 Commandos Marine. It integrates a removable dry deck shelter aft of the sail able to embark the commandos' new generation PSM3G Swimmer Delivery Vehicle (ECA Special Warfare Underwater Vehicle).

Specifications

Designed by Naval Group and TechnicAtome, the Barracuda integrates the following systems:

Sensors, Electronics, Decoys

Combat management and Information Systems

SYCOBS combat management system

Radars, Electronic Support Measures and Sonars

Thales UMS-3000 hull and flank array sonar suite

ETBF DSUV 62C towed array sonar

Thales SEACLEAR mine and obstacle avoidance sonar

Thales VELOX-M8 broadband sonar interceptor

Thales NUSS-2F Mk2 navigation echo sounder

Safran Series 10 CSR navigation radar

Safran SIGMA 40 XP gyrolaser navigation systems

Safran Series 30 AOM attack optronic mast featuring an RESM module

Safran Series 30 SOM search optronic mast featuring an RESM module

Decoys, Countermeasures and jammers

NEMESIS electronic countermeasure system with CANTO-S decoys and automatic evasive manoeuvres (confusion/dilution principle)

Communications

Thales PARTNER communications management system

Thales DIVESAT communications satellite mast with Syracuse satellite link

Link 11, Link 16 and Link 22 data links

Thales TUUM-5 MK2 distressed submarine (DISSUB) communication system

Weapons

4 tubes and 20 weapon racks for:

F21 Artémis heavyweight torpedoes

MdCN land-attack cruise missiles

Exocet SM39 mod2 anti-ship missiles

A3SM (VL MICA) surface-to-air missiles

FG29 multi-influence mines

D-19 UUV

Propulsion / Power

1 TechnicAtome K15 nuclear reactor (150 MW)

2 turbo-generators (10 MW each)

2 SEMPT Pielstick emergency diesel generators (480 kW each)

1 propeller pump (hydrojet)

Note: The Antenne Linéaire Remorquée à technologie Optique (ALRO) under development by Thales for the SNLE 3G is expected to replace the ETBF DSUV 62C towed array sonar on the Barracuda-class submarines. The Exocet and VL MICA missiles are also expected to be respectively replaced by the FMAN/FMC and VL MICA NG under development by MBDA.

Boats

Pennant no.	Name	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Full operational capability	Homeport
Q284/S635	Шаблон:Ship	19 December 2007	12 July 2019	6 November 2020	3 June 2022	Toulon
S636	Шаблон:Ship	June 2009	9 September 2022	28 July 2023	2023/24
TBC	Tourville	2011	2023	2024/25	2024/25
TBC	De Grasse	2014	2024	2026	2026/27
TBC	Rubis	2019	2026	2028	2028/29
TBC	Casabianca	2020	2028	2029/2030	2030/31

Shortfin Barracuda conventional variant

Naval Group submitted a conventionally powered diesel-electric variation to the design – named the Shortfin Barracuda Block 1A, a derivative of the SMX Ocean concept – to the competitive evaluation process (CEP) phase of Australia's Collins-class submarine replacement. "While exact details remain confidential, DCNS can confirm the Shortfin Barracuda is over Шаблон:Convert in length and displaces more than 4,000 tons when dived," said Sean Costello, CEO of Naval Group Australia. Naval Group was chosen by the Australian Government on 26 April 2016 to build twelve of the Shortfin Barracuda Block 1A variant at a projected AU$50 billion (US$Шаблон:Format price). Much of the works were to be undertaken at ASC Pty Ltd in Adelaide, South Australia. Construction was expected to begin in 2023. The class would have been known as the Шаблон:Sclass with the first vessel named HMAS Attack.

On 16 September 2021, Australia cancelled the Attack-class project and entered into a partnership with the United States and United Kingdom to obtain nuclear submarine technology (SSN-AUKUS). The reactors run on weapons-grade uranium, are sealed and last for the thirty three years. The ones France uses, on the other hand, have to be serviced every ten years since it switched from weapons-grade to low-enriched uranium (LEU) to fuel its nuclear-powered submarines from the Шаблон:Sclass onward; this therefore requires a domestic nuclear industry, which Australia lacks. Шаблон:Main The Shortfin Barracuda class is the submarine that Naval Group is proposing to the Royal Netherlands Navy and is one of the 3 competitors in the Walrus-class replacement program for the Dutch Navy. The design is competing with the Saab A26 submarine and the TKMS Type 212 submarine

See also

• List of submarines of France
• Submarine forces (France)
• Future of the French Navy
• Cruise missile submarine

External links

• Шаблон:Webarchive
• Шаблон:Webarchive
• France's Future SSNs: The Barracuda Class at Defense Industry Daily.