Английская Википедия:Barry Arm landslide
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The Barry Arm landslide is an ongoing landslide in the Barry Arm fjord, northeast of Whittier, Alaska. The landslide is currently sliding into the waters of the fjord. Recently discovered in 2020, scientists fear that the slope may trigger a large tsunami when it falls into the fjord.[1]
Description
The Barry Arm landslide measures about Шаблон:Cvt. It existed as far back as in the 1920s based on photographic evidence. From May 2010 to September 2013, during the retreat of Barry Glacier, the landslide moved at Шаблон:Cvt per year. The rate decreased to Шаблон:Cvt per year in March 2017 when the recession stopped.[2]
Satellite data and imagery indicate the large part of the landslide directly above the fjord waters began sliding on August 23, 2022. The slide is currently moving at a rate of Шаблон:Cvt each day. However, the volume of the landslide remains undetermined because the depth is uncertain. Similar movement were recorded since 2008 and 2020. However, the recent movement is at least twice as fast and occurring over a greater area.[2] The landslide consists of four parts (north to south: Tail, Core, Prow, Kite). In September 2022, movement was detected in large parts of "Core" and "Prow" as well as the entire "Kite" section.[3]
Tsunami hazard
The persistent movement of the landslide at a constant or increased rate would raise the likelihood for failure. In a worst-case scenario, rapid ground failure could result in a deadly tsunami in large water bodies including Harriman Fiord, Barry Arm, College Fiord, Port Wells, Cochrane Bay, Blackstone Bay, and Passage Canal. A tsunami measuring Шаблон:Cvt may strike the town of Whittier, Шаблон:Cvt southwest of the landslide. Scientists said that the tsunami could be fatal to people in the vicinity of the landslide.[2]
According to an interdisciplinary team of researchers in 2020, if the landslide were to fail all at once, a peak run-up of Шаблон:Cvt would occur. Meanwhile run-ups of Шаблон:Cvt would be widely observed around the immediate area. The tsunami would propagate at Шаблон:Cvt per second across the Prince William Sound, posing a threat to small kayaks and large cruise vessels. Turbidity currents may be triggered by the landslide or tsunami, potentially damaging two submarine cables in the sound. Remaining oil in sediments from the Exxon Valdez oil spill could be remobilized and impact the natural environment. A Шаблон:Cvt tsunami would strike Whittier within 20 minutes of the landslide occurring. The tsunami heights is similar to that of the 1964 Alaska earthquake when it struck the city.[4]
The following year, a report by the U.S. Geological Survey reassessed the tsunami threat posed by the landslide and said that the tsunami Шаблон:Cvt offshore Whittier may be slightly over Шаблон:Cvt in a worst-case scenario. In this separate scenario, the tsunami would exceed Шаблон:Cvt in the northern part of the fjord. In the southern fjord and at Harriman Fjord, the tsunami waves could be more than Шаблон:Cvt. The simulation used data from bathymetric maps by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and lidar imaging from the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.[5] The U.S. Geological Survey said that the tsunami hazard is not as severe as initially thought but still pose a threat to coastal settlements.[6]
References
External links
- Barry Arm landslide and tsunami information City of Whittier, Alaska
- Barry Arm Landslide and Tsunami Hazard Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
- Barry Arm, Alaska Landslide and Tsunami Monitoring United States Geological Survey
- Английская Википедия
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- Landslides in the United States
- Kenai Mountains-Turnagain Arm National Heritage Area
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- Landslides in 2010
- Landslides in 2013
- Tsunamis in the United States
- Geology of Alaska
- Megatsunami
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