Английская Википедия:Basidiobolomycosis
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox medical condition (new) Basidiobolomycosis is a fungal disease caused by Basidiobolus ranarum.[1][2] It may appear as one or more painless firm nodules in the skin which becomes purplish with an edge that appears to be slowly growing outwards.[3][2] A serious but less common type affects the stomach and intestine, which usually presents with abdominal pain, fever and a mass.[3]
B. ranarum, can be found in soil, decaying vegetables and has been isolated from insects, some reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.[4] The disease results from direct entry of the fungus through broken skin such as an insect bite or trauma, or eating contaminated food.[1][3] It generally affects people who are well.[4]
Diagnosis is by medical imaging, biopsy, microscopy, culture and histopathology.[4] Treatment usually involves amphotericin B and surgery.[3][5]
Although B. ranarum is found around the world, the disease Basidiobolomycosis is generally reported in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, South America, Asia and Southwestern United States.[3] It is rare.[3] The first case in a human was reported from Indonesia in 1956 as a skin infection.[5]
Signs and symptoms
Basidiobolomycosis may appear as a firm nodule in the skin which becomes purplish with an edge that appears to be slowly growing outwards.[3][2] It is generally painless but may feel itchy or burning.[3][2] There can be one lesion or several, and usually on the arms or legs of children.[2] Pus may be present if a bacterial infection also occurs.[3] The infection can spread to nearby structures such as muscles, bones and lymph nodes.[4]
A serious but less common type affects the stomach and intestine, which usually presents with tummy ache, fever and a lump.[3][6] Lymphoedema may occur.[3][5]
Mechanism
Basidiobolomycosis is a type of Entomophthoromycosis, the other being conidiobolomycosis, and is caused by Basidiobolus ranarum, a fungus belonging to the order Entomophthorales.[4] B. ranarum has been found in soil, decaying vegetables and has been isolated from insects some reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.[4] The disease results from direct entry of the fungus through broken skin such as an insect bite or trauma, or eating contaminated food.[1][3] Diabetes may be a risk factor.[3] The exact way in which infection results is not completely understood.[3]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by culture and biopsy.[5]
A review in 2015 showed that the most common finding on imaging of the abdomen was a mass in the bowel, the liver, or multiple sites and bowel wall thickening. Initially, many were considered to have either a cancer of the bowel or Crohns disease.[7][8]
Treatment
Treatment usually involves itraconazole or amphotericin B, combined with surgical debridement.[5] Bowel involvement may be better treated with voriconazole.[4]
Epidemiology
The condition is rare but emerging.[3] Men and children are affected more than females.[3] The disease is generally reported in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, South America, Asia and several cases in Southwestern United States.[4][3]
History
The first case in a human was reported from Indonesia as a skin infection in 1956.[5] In 1964, the first case involving stomach and intestine was reported.[5]
Society and culture
Cases among gardeners in Arizona, US, may indicate an occupational hazard, but is unproven.[5]
Other animals
Basidiobolomycosis has been reported in a dog.[9]
References
External links
Шаблон:Medical resources Шаблон:Mycoses
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокQueiroz2017не указан текст - ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
