Английская Википедия:Basilosauridae
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
Basilosauridae is a family of extinct cetaceans. They lived during the middle to the early late Eocene and are known from all continents, including Antarctica.[1][2] They were probably the first fully aquatic cetaceans.[3][4] The group is noted to be a paraphyletic assemblage of stem group whales[5] from which the monophyletic Neoceti are derived.[6]
Characteristics
Basilosaurids ranged in size from Шаблон:Convert and were fairly similar to modern cetaceans in overall body form and function.[7] Some genera tend to show signs of convergent evolution with mosasaurs by having long serpentine body shape, which suggests that this body plan seems to have been rather successful.[8] Basilosaurid forelimbs have broad and fan-shaped scapulae attached to a humerus, radius, and ulna which are flattened into a plane to which the elbow joint was restricted, effectively making pronation and supination impossible. Because of a shortage of forelimb fossils from other archaeocetes, it is not known if this arrangement is unique to basilosaurids, as some of the characteristics are also seen in Georgiacetus.[3]
As archaeocetes, Basilosaurids lacked the telescoping skull of present whales. Their jaws were powerful,[9] with a dentition easily distinguishable from that of other archaeocetes: they lack upper third molars and the upper molars lack protocones, trigon basins, and lingual third roots. The cheek teeth have well-developed accessory denticles.
Unlike modern whales, basilosaurids possessed small hindlimbs with well defined femur, lower leg and feet. They were, however, very small and did not articulate with the vertebral column, which also lack true sacral vertebrae.[3] While they were unable to support body weight on land, they might have assisted as claspers during copulation.[10] Analysis of tail vertebrate from Basilosaurus and Dorudon indicate they possessed small flukes.[11]
Taxonomy
Basilosaurinae was proposed as a subfamily containing two genera: Basilosaurus and Basiloterus.[12] They were characterized by elongated distal thoracic vertebrae, lumbar, and proximal sacrococcygeal. All known members of the subfamily are larger than their relatives of the Dorudontinae subfamily except Cynthiacetus.
Size
Basilosaurids have a diverse range of sizes. Tutcetus rayanensis, the smallest member, is about 2.51-2.55 meters (8 feet 3 inches - 8 feet 4 inches) long and weighs around 180.4-187.1 kilograms (398-412 pounds).[13] On the other hand, Basilosaurus cetoides is impressively long, reaching approximately 18 meters.[14] The largest known basilosaurid, Perucetus colossus, is believed to be even bigger, with a length of over 17.0-20.1 meters (55.8-65.9 feet) and a weight ranging from 85-340 metric tons (84-335 long tons; 94-375 short tons). Interestingly, Perucetus may have been comparable to, if not larger than, the modern blue whale in terms of weight.[15]
Systematics
- Family Basilosauridae
- Genus Perucetus
- Subfamily Basilosaurinae
- Genus Basilosaurus
- Genus Basiloterus
- Genus Basilotritus
- Subfamily Dorudontinae
- Genus Ancalecetus
- Genus Chrysocetus
- Genus Cynthiacetus
- Genus Dorudon
- Genus Masracetus
- Genus Ocucajea
- Genus Saghacetus
- Genus Stromerius
- Genus Supayacetus
- Genus Tutcetus
- Genus Zygorhiza
- Subfamily Pachycetinae
- Genus Pachycetus
- Genus Antaecetus
- Genus Platyosphys
See also
Notes
References
Шаблон:Archaeoceti Шаблон:Taxonbar
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокPaleodbне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Buono M, Fordyce R.E., Marx F.G., Fernández M.S. & Reguero M. (2019). "Eocene Antarctica: a window into the earliest history of modern whales". Advances in Polar Science 30(3): p. 293-302. doi:10.13679/j.advps.2019.0005
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Uhen M. (2004). "Form, Function, and Anatomy of Dorudon Atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea): An Archaeocete from the Middle to Late Eocene of Egypt". Papers on Paleontology 34: p. 1-222
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Snively E, Fahlke J.M. & Welsh R.C. (2015). "Bone-Breaking Bite Force of Basilosaurus isis (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Eocene of Egypt Estimated by Finite Element Analysis". PLOS ONE 10(2): e0118380
- ↑ Gingerich P.D., Smith B.H., Simons E.L. (1990). "Hind limbs of eocene basilosaurus: evidence of feet in whales". Science 249(4965): p. 154–157. doi:10.1126/science.249.4965.154
- ↑ Philip D. Gingerich, Mohammed Sameh M. Antar und Iyad S. Zalmot: "Aegicetus gehennae, a new late Eocene protocetid (Cetacea, Archaeoceti) from Wadi Al Hitan, Egypt, and the transition to tail-powered swimming in whales". PLoS ONE 14(12): e0225391 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225391
- ↑ Шаблон:Paleodb. Retrieved July 2013.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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