Английская Википедия:Batons of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

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The Duke of Wellington's batons; from an engraving in The Illustrated London News (11 December 1852): 532, printed following his death. 1. Portugal; 2. Prussia; 3. England ; 4. the Netherlands; 5. Spain; 6. Hanover (lying across the engraving); 7. Austria; 8. Russia.

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (Шаблон:Circa 1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852), acquired many titles and honours including the rank of field marshal or equivalent in eight nations' armies. Each nation provided him with a baton as a symbol of his rank. The surviving batons are on display at Apsley House, the former London residence of the Dukes of Wellington.Шаблон:Sfn

Military rank

At Wellington's funeral his military ranks were described as:[1]

Wellington's lying in state

At Wellington's lying in state, his batons of military rank were placed alongside the coffin on eight velvet cushions each on a pedestal on gold lion supporters. The pedestals were more than two feet in height, each bearing the shield and banners of their respective nations. On two additional similar pedestals were placed Wellington's standard and guidon.Шаблон:Sfn The batons were described thus: Шаблон:Blockquote In Wellington's funeral procession, the Spanish baton was borne by Major-General the Duke of Osuna; the Russian baton by General Prince Gorchakov; the Prussian baton by General Count von Nostitz; the Portuguese baton by Marshal-General the Duke of Terceira; the Netherlands baton by Lieutenant-General Baron van Omphal; the Hanoverian baton by General Sir Hugh Halkett; and the English baton by Field-Marshal the Marquess of Anglesey.[2]

Display

For many years the batons were all on display at Apsley House. However, on 9 December 1965 there was a robbery in which three items were stolen, one of which was the Russian Marshal's Baton.Шаблон:Sfn It has not been recovered.

The seven remaining field marshal batons along with two more British batons (one presented to the Duke in 1821 by George IV)Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn are on permanent display at Apsley House: Шаблон:Blockquote

English baton (1813)

The 1813 baton is described as English and not British because engraved on the end of it are the following words:Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Blockquote

The English baton was presented to the future Duke of Wellington for his military successes, but more specifically because after his victory at Vittoria he presented the captured Marshal's baton of Jean-Baptiste Jourdan to George, the Prince Regent (at the time prince regent as his father George III was deemed too mentally ill to govern). The Prince Regent wrote to Wellington "You have sent me among your trophies of unrivalled fame the staff of a French marshal, and I send you in return that of England".[3][4]

Russian baton

The Duke's Russian baton was stolen in 1965 and has not been recovered.Шаблон:Sfn The auctioneers Christie's stated that, "during the reign of Alexander I (1801–1825), only four Russian Generals and the Duke of Wellington received the coveted baton".Шаблон:Sfn A Russian baton circa 1878 (six were issued under Alexander II (1855–1881)) sold for $903,500 in a New York auction in 2004.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Further reading

Шаблон:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
  2. ↑ Шаблон:London Gazette
  3. ↑ Prince-regent to Duke of Wellington, 3 July 1813 Gurwood's Dispatches, x. 533, Шаблон:Harv
  4. ↑ It was bugler Paddy Shannon of the 2nd Battalion of the 87th Regiment of Foot who "picked up" Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan's baton after the battle of Vittoria Шаблон:Harv.
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