Английская Википедия:Battle of Bagavan

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Roman–Persian Wars The Battle of Bagavan (also spelled Bagawan) or the Battle of Vagabanta was fought in 371 near the settlement of Bagavan, in the district of Bagrevand in Greater Armenia, between a joint Roman-Armenian force and a Sassanid army, with the Romans and Armenians emerging victorious. It is recorded by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, as well as the Armenian historian Faustus of Byzantium.

The Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi and several later Armenian historians following him place the battle in a field called Dzirav, and so the battle is called the Battle of Dzirav in some Armenian sources. In the view of historians Hakob Manandian and Nina Garsoïan, this is an error by Khorenatsi or a conflation of the Battle of Bagavan with the battle at Gandzak described in the next chapter of Faustus's history.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Background

In the aftermath of the Perso-Roman peace treaty of 363, whereby Rome had pledged not to intervene in Armenian affairs, Armenia was left at the mercy of the Sassanid king Shapur II, who in 367/368 imprisoned the Armenian king Arshak II and strove to consolidate Persian rule in the country. In 369, the Roman emperor Valens allowed Pap, son of Arshak II, to return to Armenia accompanied by the general Terentius.Шаблон:Sfn However, Pap was soon driven out of Armenia by Shapur's armies and forced to hide in Lazica.Шаблон:Sfn While Pap was in hiding, Shapur contacted him and persuaded him to change his allegiance to Persia, but this attempted rapprochement was aborted when Valens's general Arintheus arrived and restored Pap to the Armenian throne a second time.Шаблон:Sfn

Shapur was enraged by this move, but did not declare the peace with Rome void until the winter of 370. Shapur amassed an army, which, according to Faustus, included the forces of his ally King Urnayr of Albania,Шаблон:Sfn and invaded Armenia in the spring of 371.Шаблон:Sfn Valens sent a large army to Armenia under the command of generals Traianus and Vadomarius, but with orders to engage only in defensive actions, hoping to maintain the peace with Persia.Шаблон:Sfn The Armenians also assembled their army under the command of Шаблон:Transliteration (general-in-chief) Mushegh Mamikonian and convened with the Romans near the settlement of Bagavan, in the district of Bagrevand, at the foot of Mount Npat, near the source of the Arsanias River.Шаблон:Sfn Faustus gives the number of the Armenian army as 90,000.Шаблон:Sfn

Battle

The combined Armenian-Roman army met the invading Sassanid force near Bagavan.Шаблон:Sfn According to Ammianus Marcellinus, the Romans initially withdrew to avoid combat, but were eventually forced to respond to the attacks of the Persian cavalry and won a decisive victory in the subsequent battle, inflicting heavy casualties on the Persians.[1]Шаблон:Sfn Faustus of Byzantium gives considerable credit for the victory to sparapet Mushegh Mamikonian.Шаблон:Sfn Faustus also tells of how Urnayr of Albania asked Shapuh to let his contingent face the Armenian force, and how Mushegh engaged in single combat with Urnayr and wounded the Albanian king, but allowed him to escape with his life.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This may indicate that the battle took place in a similar fashion as other battles where the Romans and their allies faced the Persians and their allies, with the Romans facing the Persians and the allies fighting each other.Шаблон:Sfn According to Faustus, King Pap did not take part in the battle and observed from Mount Npat together with Patriach Nerses at the request of the Roman generals.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Aftermath

Ammianus writes that several other engagements were fought after the Armenian-Roman victory at Bagavan, with varying outcomes.[2] Faustus tells of another great battle at Gandzak in Adurbadagan where the Armenians and Romans routed the Persians again, this time with Shapur there in person.Шаблон:Sfn After these battles, Shapur sent envoys and a truce was agreed upon.Шаблон:Sfn Shapur then returned to Ctesiphon and Valens to Antioch, with Armenia left effectively under Roman suzerainty.Шаблон:Sfn The truce would last for seven years.Шаблон:Sfn As a result of these victories, Mushegh is said to have reconquered many lost Armenian territories and forced the nobles who had revolted against the Arsacid monarchy to submit to Pap's authority.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

References

Notes

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Citations

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Bibliography

Ancient works

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  1. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, 29.1.3
  2. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, 29.1.4
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