Английская Википедия:Battle of Basiani

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Шаблон:Multiple issues Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Georgian-Seljuk wars The Battle of Basiani was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuqid Sultanate of Rum in the Basiani Valley, 60 km north-east of the city of Erzurum in what is now northeast Republic of Turkey. The date of the battle has been debated, but recent scholarship tends to favor the years 1203 or 1204. According to the contemporary Muslim chronicler Ibn Bibi, the battle took place in 598 AH (October 1, 1201 – September 19, 1202). According to modern Turkish historians, the site of the battle is usually identified as the castle of Micingerd (Mazankert).

Background

At the end of the 12th century, the Sultanate of Rum plunged into chaos due to Turkmen raids, Crusades and fierce power struggles among the descendants of Kilij Arslan II (1156-1192). In 1197, Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Shah, the fifth son of Kilij Arslan II, captured Konya and forced his brother Kaykhusraw I to leave the country and go into exile in Constantinople.Шаблон:Sfn Rukn ad-Din began a policy of expansion, challenging Byzantium, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and Kingdom of Georgia, uniting much of Anatolia under his rule.Шаблон:Sfn

The rise of the Georgian kingdom under King David IV the Builder continued under the reign of Queen Tamar, who managed to defeat a large Muslim coalition at the Battle of Shamkor in 1195.Шаблон:Sfn

Alarmed by Georgia's success,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Sultan Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Shah, gathered the Muslim Anatolian beyliks against Georgia. The interests of Georgia and the Sultanate of Rum clashed on the southern coast of the Black Sea, where both sought to take advantage of Byzantine weakness and establish their own footholds.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Sultan Rukn ad-Din prepared for war to weaken the power of Christian GeorgiaШаблон:Sfn and to conquer Georgia. Between 1201 and 1203, Rukn ad-Din with detachments under the command of his brother, Mughisuddin Togrul Shah of Elbistan, Mengujekid Bahram Shah of Erzincan, possibly with the help, of the Harput Artuqids as well as local Turkmen warriors, captured Erzurum and replaced the vassal of Georgia,Шаблон:Sfn Saltuk, with his brother Mughisuddin Togrul Shah.Шаблон:Sfn

Rukn ad-Din's messenger letters to Tamar, demanded surrender and threatened extermination of disobedient Christians.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Stating that "every woman is simple-minded...you...simple-minded queen...murderer and tax collector of Muslims."Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Tamar's first response was polite: "You rely on gold and numerous warriors, I... on the power of God".

The ambassador also transmitted an oral afterword: Rukn ad-Din would make Tamar his wife if she accepted Islam, otherwise he would make her his concubine. Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli hit the ambassador, and told him: "If you were not an ambassador, it would be proper to cut out your tongue first and then cut off your head" and pointed to the expectation of Rukn ad-Din's divine judgement carried out by Georgians.Шаблон:Sfn.

The Battle

Шаблон:Location map+ Süleymanshah, accompanied by his vassal Beys, crossed into the Georgian marchlands and established a camp in the Basiani Valley. Tamar quickly assembled an army from her territories and placed it under the leadership of her husband, David Soslan. From their base in Javakheti, the Georgian forces, led by Soslan and Amirspasalar Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli, launched a surprise attack on Basiani, targeting the enemy camp. In a fierce battle, the Seljuqid forces managed to repel several Georgian attacks, but were eventually overwhelmed and defeated. The loss of the Sultan's banner to the Georgians caused panic in the Seljuq ranks. Süleymanshah himself was wounded and retreated to Erzurum. One of the decisive factors that contributed to the Georgian victory was the quick and decisive action of the army, which launched a surprise attack for which Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Shah was unprepared.[1]

Aftermath

The battle of Basiani inflicted heavy casualties on both sides.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Rukn ad-Din was forced to retreat back to ErzurumШаблон:Sfn and the Georgians captured the battle banners. Many of the Sultan's allies were captured by the Georgians,Шаблон:Sfn among them the Emir of Erzincan, an ally of the Sultan.Шаблон:Sfn

In the "Historical Collection", Armenian historian Vardan Areveltsi boasts that David "filled Georgia with captivity and plundering Turks".Шаблон:Sfn In fury for attacking a former vassal, Queen Tamar ordered that Emir of Erzincan (Bahramshah) be sold into slavery for the price of one iron horseshoe.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

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Sources

Шаблон:Tamar the Great

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  1. ↑ Gocha Japaridze, Georgia and the Islamic world of the Near East in the first third of the XII-XIII centuries, Tbilisi, 1995, p. 156.
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