Английская Википедия:Battle of Cuddalore (1783)

The Battle of Cuddalore in 1783 was a naval battle between a British fleet, under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes with Admiral L.J. Weiland, and a smaller French fleet, under the Bailli de Suffren, off the coast of India that took place right before the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War. This war sparked the Second Mysore War in India. In the battle, taking place near Cuddalore on 20 June 1783, Suffren commanded the engagement from the frigate Cléopâtre and won what is generally considered a victory.^[1] Peace had already been agreed upon in Europe, but that news had yet to reach India, making this the final battle of the war.

On the death of French ally Hyder Ali, the British decided to retake Cuddalore. They marched troops from Madras, and began preparing for a siege. The French fleet, under Suffren, appeared at Cuddalore on 13 June. A week of fickle winds prevented either side from engaging until 20 June, when Suffren attacked. No ships were seriously damaged, but each side lost about 100 men with around 400 wounded. The British fleet retreated to Madras after the action, preventing the landing of transports carrying additional troops en route to Cuddalore to reinforce the siege. A sortie from the town weakened the British forces, and word of peace officially arrived at Cuddalore on 29 June.

Background

Following the December 1782 death of French ally Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore and previous controller of Cuddalore, British commanders at Madras decided to attempt the recapture of Cuddalore. The army marched south from Madras, circling around the city then encamping south of it. The British fleet, eighteen ships of the line under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes, anchored to the south of Cuddalore in order to protect the army and its supply ships. By early June 1783, the Siege of Cuddalore was under way.

French Admiral Suffren was ordered on 10 June to sail with his smaller fleet of fifteen ships from Trincomalee to support the besieged city. When he arrived, Hughes, who sought to avoid battle, moved away from the city and again anchored. After five days of adverse winds, Suffren was able to anchor near the city, where he made contact with the city's commander, Sayed Sahib of Mysore. Since it appeared that the success of the siege would be decided by naval action, 1,200 troops were embarked onto Suffren's ships to increase his gunnery complement. His fleet weighed anchor on 18 June, and the two fleets began maneuvering for advantage.

Battle

Файл:Suffren Pierre André gravure couleur de 1789.jpeg

An engraving of Suffren

Both fleets were at first frustrated by light and variable winds. When a consistent west wind developed on 20 June, Hughes lined-up for battle on a northward-trending port tack and awaited Suffren's action. Lining-up in a similar formation, Suffren gave to the order to attack, and battle was engaged shortly after four in the afternoon. The action lasted about three hours resulting in no major damage to ships in either fleet, despite all ships being engaged.

Aftermath

Suffren's fleet anchored about 25 nautical miles north of Cuddalore after the battle, while Hughes anchored near the city. On 22 June, Hughes sighted the French fleet while he was en route to Madras; a number of his ships had been disabled, and he reported that many men were suffering from scurvy and that he was short of water.

Suffren returned to Cuddalore on 23 June, forcing the British supply fleet to withdraw. In addition to returning the 1,200 troops he had borrowed from the city's garrison, he landed an additional 2,400 men to support the defense. A sortie from the city was repelled but weakened the besieging British, and on 29 June a British ship flying under a truce flag brought news of a preliminary peace agreement between the two nations, resulting in a mutually-agreed suspension of hostilities on 2 July.

Order of battle

French van squadron Шаблон:Sfnp
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
Sphinx	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain du Chilleau
Brillant	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Lieutenant de Kersauson
Fendant	74-gun	74	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain Thomassin de Peynier (Captain of the fleet) Captain Armand de Saint-Félix (Flag captain) Шаблон:WIA Шаблон:Sfnp
Flamand	54-gun	54	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Lieutenant Perier de Salvert Шаблон:KIA
Ajax	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain Dupas de la Mancelière Шаблон:KIA Шаблон:Sfnp
Fine	frigate	32	Ensign of the French Royal Navy
Casualties:

French centre squadron Шаблон:Sfnp
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
Petit Annibal	50-gun	50	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain Jean André de Pas de Beaulieu
Argonaute	74-gun	74	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain de Clavières
Héros	74-gun	74	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Major de Moissac
Illustre	74-gun	74	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain Bruyères de Chalabre
Saint Michel	60-gun	60	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain de Beaumont-Lemaître
Cléopâtre	frigate	32	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain Suffren
Casualties:

French rear squadron Шаблон:Sfnp
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
Vengeur	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain de Cuverville
Sévère	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Lieutenant de Maurville de Langle
Annibal	74-gun	74	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain d'Aymar
Hardi	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain Cramezel de Kerhué
Artésien	64-gun	64	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Captain de Vignes d'Arrac
Consolante	frigate	40	Ensign of the French Royal Navy	Lieutenant de Costebelle
Coventry	frigate	28	Ensign of the French Royal Navy
Casualties:

British van squadron
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties^[2]			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	74	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Thomas Newnham	7	38	45
Шаблон:HMS	Fourth rate	50	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Christopher Halliday	3	30	33
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	80	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Commodore Sir Richard Bickerton Captain Thomas Hicks	6	40	46
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain John Whitmore Chetwynd	3	30	33
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain John Smith	4	9	13
Шаблон:HMS	Fifth rate	32	Ensign of the British Royal Navy
Casualties:

British centre squadron
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties^[2]			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Charles Hughes	8	32	40
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Robert McDougall	5	25	30
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	74	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Andrew Mitchell	4	20	24
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	74	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes Captain Henry Newcome	12	41	53
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	68	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain John Gell	6	14	20
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Peter Rainier	10	20	30
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Samuel Graves	17	47	64
Шаблон:HMS	Sixth rate	28	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Erasmus Gower
Casualties:

British rear squadron
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties^[2]			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Thomas Mackenzie	1	16	17
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain William Clark	4	8	12
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	74	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Commodore Richard King Captain Theophilus Jones	5	21	26
Шаблон:HMS	Fourth rate	50	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain James Burney	0	10	10
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	64	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain James Alms	2	19	21
Шаблон:HMS	Third rate	74	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain William Allen	2	11	13
Casualties:

British lighter ships^[3]
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Casualties			Notes
Ship	Rate	Guns	Navy	Commander	Killed	Wounded	Total	Notes
San Carlos	armed storeship	22	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	George Murray, William White
Harriott	armed storeship	22	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Thomas Stephenson
Шаблон:HMS	sloop	18	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Edward Buller
Шаблон:HMS	Fifth rate	32	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain James Montagu
Шаблон:HMS	Fifth rate	28	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Captain Erasmus Gower
Шаблон:HMS	Fifth rate	24	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	John Drew
Pondicherry	troop ship	18	Ensign of the British Royal Navy	Thomas Saunders Grove
Casualties:

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:Commons category-inline

[1] Palmer p.161

[:0-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 Шаблон:Cite book

[3] Шаблон:Cite web

[1]

[2]

[3]

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Английская Википедия:Battle of Cuddalore (1783)

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Background

Battle

Aftermath

Order of battle

Citations

References

External links

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