Английская Википедия:Battle of Festubert

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The Battle of Festubert (15–25 May 1915) was an attack by the British army in the Artois region of France on the western front during World War I. The offensive formed part of a series of attacks by the French Tenth Army and the British First Army in the Second Battle of Artois Шаблон:Nowrap. After the failure of the breakthrough attempt by the First Army in the attack at Aubers Ridge (9 May 1915) tactics of a short hurricane bombardment and an infantry advance with unlimited objectives, were replaced by the French practice of slow and deliberate artillery-fire intended to prepare the way for an infantry attack.

A continuous three-day bombardment by the British heavy artillery was planned, to cut wire and demolish German machine-gun posts and infantry strong points. The German defences were to be captured by a continuous attack, by one division from Rue du Bois to Chocolat Menier Corner and by a second division Шаблон:Cvt north, which was to capture the German trenches to the left of Festubert. The objectives were Шаблон:Cvt forward, rather than the Шаблон:Cvt depth of advance attempted at Aubers Ridge. The battle was the first British attempt at attrition.

Background

Tactical developments

The Battle of Festubert was the continuation of the Battle of Aubers Ridge (9 May) and part of the larger French Second Battle of Artois. The resumption of the British offensive was intended to assist the French Tenth Army offensive against Vimy Ridge near Arras, by attracting German divisions to the British front, rather than reinforcing the defenders opposite the French.Шаблон:Sfn

Prelude

British plan

The attack was made by the British First Army (General Sir Douglas Haig) against a salient in the German lines between Neuve Chapelle to the north and the village of Festubert to the south. The assault was planned along a Шаблон:Cvt front and would initially be made by Indian and British troops of the Garhwal Brigade, 7th (Meerut) Division together with the 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades of the 2nd Division. Starting at Шаблон:Nowrap on 15 May, this would be the first British night attack of the war.Шаблон:Sfn

Battle

The battle was preceded by a Шаблон:Nowrap bombardment by Шаблон:Nowrap that fired about Шаблон:NowrapШаблон:Sfn This bombardment failed to significantly damage the front line defences of the German 6th Army and the initial advance only made progress on the 6th Brigade front in good weather conditions.Шаблон:Sfn The attack was continued at Шаблон:Nowrap on 16 May by the original brigades plus the 7th Division which opened a front further south. Progress was again limited with casualties very high; on 17 May the 4th Guards Brigade of the 2nd Division relieved elements of the 7th Division but made minor advances only. By 19 May, the 2nd Division and 7th Division had to be withdrawn due to their casualties, with the main objectives of 15 May still in German hands.Шаблон:Sfn On 18 May, the 1st Canadian Division, assisted by the 51st (Highland) Division, attacked but made little progress in the face of German artillery-fire. The British dug in at the new front line in heavy rain. The Germans brought up reinforcements and strengthened their defences.Шаблон:Sfn From Шаблон:Nowrap the attack was resumed but again made little progress. The offensive had resulted in a Шаблон:Cvt advance.Шаблон:Sfn

Aftermath

Casualties

The British suffered Шаблон:Nowrap from 15/16 to 25 May; the 2nd Division suffered Шаблон:Nowrap the 7th Division Шаблон:Nowrap 47th Division Шаблон:Nowrap the Canadian Division Шаблон:Nowrap and the 7th (Meerut) Division Шаблон:Nowrap The German defenders suffered Шаблон:Circa including Шаблон:Nowrap taken prisoner.Шаблон:Sfn French casualties during the Second Battle of Artois were Шаблон:Nowrap and German casualties were Шаблон:NowrapШаблон:Sfn

Commemoration

The 100th anniversary of the battle saw it commemorated; some of the most poignant were those held in the Highlands of Scotland, in particular in shinty playing communities, which were affected disproportionately by losses in the battle. Skye Camanachd and Kingussie Camanachd, representing two areas which lost a great many men, were joined by the British Forces shinty team, SCOTS Camanachd for a weekend of commemorations, lectures, memorial services and shinty matches on the weekend of 15–17 May 2015 in Portree. Isle of Skye. A week later, the Beauly Shinty Club renamed their pavilion after the Paterson brothers, Donald and Alasdair, who were killed in the battle and were part of their 1913 Camanachd Cup winning side. Donald's bagpipes were recovered with his other effects in the early 1980s and were played at both commemorations.

See also

• List of Canadian battles during World War I

References

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• British Order of Battle, Aubers Ridge and Festubert
• The Battle of Festubert on www.firstworldwar.com
• Festubert
• Battle of Festubert, 15–27 May 1915 on www.historyofwar.org