Английская Википедия:Battle of Iwo Jima order of battle
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On February 19, 1945, men of the United States Marine Corps invaded the island of Iwo Jima, part of the Volcano Islands chain, in the North Pacific. This invasion, known as Operation Detachment, was a phase of the Pacific Theatre of World War II. The American goal was to establish multiple airfields that would allow escort fighters to accompany long-range bombers in their attacks on the Japanese home islands, as well as providing a place for damaged bombers to land on the return flight.
The Japanese military was determined to inflict a casualty rate so high that the U.S. government would give up its demand that Japan surrender unconditionally. To this end, the island had been covered with an extremely extensive system of fortifications and fields of fire. The United States Navy subjected the island to an unprecedented bombardment and, according to historian Samuel Eliot Morison, "In no previous operation in the Pacific had naval gunfire support been so effective as at Iwo Jima."[1] Nonetheless, Japanese artillery and machine-gun fire were extremely effective because the underground bunkers were so strong, only a direct hit by a bomb or naval shell could knock one out. Since direct hits were very difficult on well-camouflaged bunkers, many survived and inflicted a huge casualty rate on the Marines.
For the conquest of Iwo Jima, the Marine Corps assigned three divisions, a total of almost 70,000 troops, in stark contrast to the single division tasked with capturing Guadalcanal in August 1942. The conquest of Iwo Jima took five weeks, far beyond the American estimates.
United States
United States Pacific Fleet
Admiral Chester W. Nimitz HQ at Pearl Harbor
- United States Fifth Fleet
- Admiral Raymond A. Spruance in heavy cruiser Indianapolis
- Joint Expeditionary Force (Task Force 51)
- Vice Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner in amphibious command ship Eldorado
- Amphibious Support Force (Task Force 52)
- Rear Admiral William H.P. Blandy in amphibious command ship Estes
- Attack Force (Task Force 53)
- Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill in amphibious command ship Auburn
- Joint Expeditionary Force (Task Force 51)
Ground forces
Expeditionary Troops (Task Force 56)
Lieutenant General Holland M. "Howlin' Mad" SmithШаблон:Efn
- Chief of Staff: Col. Dudley S. Brown
- Personnel officer (G-1): Col. Russell N. Jordahl
- Intelligence officer (G-2): Col. Edmond J. Buckley
- Operations officer (G-3): Col. Kenneth H. Weir
- Logistics officer (G-4): Col. George R. Rowan
Файл:USMC V Amphib Corps.png V Amphibious Corps
Major General Harry Schmidt
- Chief of Staff: Brig. Gen. William W. Rogers
- Personnel officer (G-1): Col. David A. Stafford
- Intelligence officer (G-2): Col. Thomas R. Yancey
- Operations officer (G-3): Col. Edward A. Craig
- Logistics officer (G-4): Col. William F. Brown
- 8th Marine Field Depot (shore party command): Col. Leland S. Swindler
- Landing Force Air Support Control Unit 1: Col. Vernon E. Megee
- 62nd Seabees
Left landing area (Green and Red Beaches):
- Файл:US 5th Marine Division SSI.svg 5th Marine Division (25,884 officers and enlisted)
- Major General Keller E. Rockey
- Asst. Div. Cmdr.: Brig. Gen. Leo D. Hermle
- Chief of Staff: Col. Ray A. Robinson
- CO HQ Battalion: Maj. John Ayrault, Jr.
- Personnel officer (G-1): Col. John W. Beckett
- Intelligence officer (G-2): Lt. Col. George A. Roll
- Operations officer (G-3): Col. James F. Shaw, Jr.
- Logistics officer (G-4): Col. Earl S. Piper
- Plans officer (G-5): Lt. Col. Frederick H. Dowsett
- Green Beach:
- Файл:28th Marines.JPG 28th Marine Regiment
- Colonel Harry B. "Harry the Horse" Liversedge
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Robert H. Williams
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. Jackson B. Butterfield)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. Chandler W. Johnson (KIA 2 Mar), Maj. Thomas B. Pearce, Jr.)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Charles E. Shepard, Jr. (to 14 Mar), Maj. Tolson A. Smoak (to 25 Mar), Lt. Col. Shepard)
- Green Beach:
- Red Beaches 1 & 2:
- Файл:27th Marines.JPG 27th Marine Regiment
- Colonel Thomas A. Wornham
- Exec. Ofc.: Col. Louis C. Plain (WIA 19 Feb), Lt. Col. James P. Berkeley)
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. John A. Butler (KIA 5 Mar), Lt. Col. Justin C. Duryea (WIA 9 Mar), Lt. Col. William H. Tumbleston (WIA 14 Mar)
- 2nd Battalion (Maj. John W. Antonelli (WIA 9 Mar), Maj. Gerald F. Russell)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Donn J. Robertson)Шаблон:Efn
- Red Beaches 1 & 2:
- Reserve:
- Файл:26th Marines insignia.png 26th Marine Regiment
- Colonel Chester B. Graham
- Exec. Ofc.: Col. Lester S. Hamel
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. Daniel C. Pollock (WIA 19 Mar), Maj. Albert V.K. Gary)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. Joseph P. Sayers (WIA 23 Feb), Maj. Amadeo Rea)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Tom M. Trotti (KIA 22 Feb), Maj. Richard Fagan)
- Reserve:
- Файл:13th Marines.jpg 13th Marine Regiment (Artillery)
- Colonel James D. Waller
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. John S. Oldfield)
- 2nd Battalion (Maj. Carl W. Hjerpe)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Henry T. Waller)
- 4th Battalion (Maj. James F. Coady)
- Service troops
- Colonel Benjamin W. Gaily
- 3rd Amphibian Tractor Battalion (Lt. Col. Sylvester L. Stephan)
- 11th Amphibian Tractor Battalion (Lt. Col. Albert J. Roose)
- 5th Engineer Battalion (Lt. Col. Clifford H. Shuey)
- 5th Medical Battalion (Lt. Cmdr. William W. Ayres, USN)
- 5th Motor Transport Battalion (Maj. Arthur F. Torgler, Jr.)
- 5th Pioneer Battalion (Maj. Robert S. Riddell)
- 5th Service Battalion (Maj. Francis P. Daly (KIA 22 Feb), Maj. Gardelle Lewis (from 26 Feb))
- 5th Tank Battalion (Lt. Col. William R. Collins)
Right landing area (Yellow and Blue beaches):
- Файл:USMC - 4th Division.png 4th Marine Division (24,452 officers and enlisted)
- Major General Clifton B. CatesШаблон:Efn
- Asst. Div. Cmdr.: Brig. Gen. Franklin A. Hart
- Chief of Staff: Col. Merton J. Batchelder
- CO HQ Battalion: Col. Bertrand T. Fay
- Personnel officer (G-1): Col. Orin H. Wheeler
- Intelligence officer (G-2): Lt. Col. Gooderham L. McCormick
- Operations officer (G-3): Col. Edwin A. Pollock
- Logistics officer (G-4): Col. Matthew C. Horner
- Yellow Beaches 1 & 2:
- Файл:USMC - 23rd Marine Regiment.png 23rd Marine Regiment
- Colonel Walter W. Wensinger
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Edward J. Dillon
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. Ralph Haas (KIA 20 Feb), Lt. Col. Louis B. Blissard)
- 2nd Battalion (Maj. Robert H. Davidson)
- 3rd Battalion (Maj. James S. Scales)
- Yellow Beaches 1 & 2:
- Blue Beach 1:
- Файл:USMC - 4th Division 25th Regiment.png 25th Marine Regiment
- Colonel John R. Lanigan
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Clarence J. O'Donnell
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. Hollis U. Mustain (KIA 21 Feb), Maj. Fenton J. Mee)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. Lewis C. Hudson, Jr. (WIA 20 Feb), Lt. Col. James Taul)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Justice M. Chambers (WIA 22 Feb), Capt. James C. Headley)
- Blue Beach 1:
- Reserve:
- Файл:24thMarinesCrest.png 24th Marine Regiment
- Colonel Walter I. Jordan
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Austin R. Brunelli
- 1st Battalion (Maj. Paul S. Treitel (to 8 Mar), Lt. Col. Austin R. Brunelli)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. Richard Rothwell)
- Reserve:
- Файл:14th Marines logo.png 14th Marine Regiment (Artillery)
- Colonel Louis O. DeHaven
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Randall M. Victory
- 1st Battalion (Maj. John B. Edgar, Jr.)
- 2nd Battalion (Maj. Clifford B. Drake)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Robert E. MacFarlane (), )
- 4th Battalion (Lt. Col. Carl A. Youngdale ())
- Service troops
- Lt. Colonel Melvin L. Krulewitch
- 5th Amphibian Tractor Battalion (Maj. George L. Shead)
- 10th Amphibian Tractor Battalion (Maj. Victor J. Croizat)
- 4th Engineer Battalion (Lt. Col. Nelson K. Brown)
- 4th Medical Battalion (Cmdr. Reuben L. Sharp, USN)
- 4th Motor Transport Battalion (Lt. Col. Ralph L. Schiesswohl)
- 4th Pioneer Battalion (Lt. Col. Richard G. Ruby)
- 4th Service Battalion (Lt. Col. John F. Fondahl)
- 4th Tank Battalion (Lt. Col. Richard K. Schmidt)
Floating reserve:
- Файл:US 3d Marine Division SSI.svg 3rd Marine Division (19,597 officers and enlisted)
- Major General Graves B. Erskine
- Asst. Div. Cmdr.: Brig. Gen. William A. Worton
- Chief of Staff: Col. Robert E. Hogaboom
- CO HQ Battalion: Lt. Col. Jack F. Warner (to 14 Mar), Lt. Col. Carey A. Randall
- Personnel officer (G-1): Maj. Irving R. Kriendler
- Intelligence officer (G-2): Lt. Col. Howard J. Turton
- Operations officer (G-3): Col. Arthur H. Butler
- Logistics officer (G-4): Col. James D. Hittle
- Committed to center sector D+2, attached to 4th Marine Division:
- Файл:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg 21st Marine Regiment
- Colonel Hartnoll J. Withers
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Eustace R. Smoak
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. Marlowe C. Williams (WIA 22 Feb), Maj. Clay M. Murray (WIA 22 Feb), Maj. Robert H. Houser)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. Lowell E. English (WIA 2 Mar), Maj. George A. Percy)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Wendell H. Duplantis)
- Committed to center sector D+2, attached to 4th Marine Division:
- Committed D+6:
- Файл:9THMARINES.svg 9th Marine Regiment
- Colonel Howard N. Kenyon
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Paul W. Russell
- 1st Battalion (Lt. Col. Carey A. Randall (to 6 Mar), Maj. William T. Glass (to 14 Mar), Lt. Col. Jack F. Warner)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. Robert E. Cushman, Jr.)Шаблон:Efn
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Harold C. Boehm)
- Committed D+6:
- Файл:12th Marines logo.jpg 12th Marine Regiment (Artillery)
- Lieutenant Colonel Raymond F. Crist Jr.
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Bernard H. Kirk
- 1st Battalion (Maj. George B. Thomas)
- 2nd Battalion (Lt. Col. William T. Fairbourn)
- 3rd Battalion (Lt. Col. Alpha L. Bowser, Jr.)
- 4th Battalion (Maj. Joe B. Wallen (to 20 Mar), Lt. Col. Thomas R. Belzer)
- Arrived on March 20 and attached to 3rd Marine Division[2]
- Файл:147RegimentCOA.jpg 147th Infantry Regiment (Ohio Army National Guard)
- Colonel Robert F. Johnson
- Exec. Ofc.: Lt. Col. Eustace R. Smoak
- 1st Battalion
- 2nd Battalion
- 3rd Battalion
- Arrived on March 20 and attached to 3rd Marine Division[2]
- Service troops
- Colonel James O. Brauer (to 6 Mar), Colonel Lewis A. Hohn
- 3rd Engineer Battalion (Lt. Col. Nelson K. Brown)
- 3rd Medical Battalion (Cmdr. Reuben L. Sharp, USN)
- 3rd Motor Transport Battalion (Lt. Col. Ralph L. Schiesswohl)
- 3rd Pioneer Battalion (Lt. Col. Richard G. Ruby)
- 3rd Tank Battalion (Lt. Col. Richard K. Schmidt)
- Never landed:
- Файл:3rd Marine Regimental Crest.jpg 3rd Marine Regiment
- Colonel James A. Stuart
- Never landed:
Japan
Lieut. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, commanding
Colonel Tadashi Takaishi, chief of staff
21,060 total men under arms
Army
- 109th Division
- 145th Infantry Regiment
- 17th Mixed Infantry Regiment
- 26th Tank Regiment
- 2nd Mixed Brigade
Navy
- 125th Anti-Aircraft Defense Unit
- 132nd Anti-Aircraft Defense Unit
- 141st Anti-Aircraft Defense Unit
- 149th Anti-Aircraft Defense Unit
See also
Orders of battle involving United States Marine forces in the Pacific Theatre of World War II:
- Battle of Guadalcanal order of battle
- Battle of Tarawa opposing forces
- Battle of Saipan order of battle
- Guam (1944) order of battle
- Battle of Leyte opposing forces
- Battle of Peleliu opposing forces
- Okinawa ground order of battle
Sources
Notes
References
- ↑ Morison, p. 40
- ↑ Army Boots on Volcanic Sands: The 147th Infantry Regiment at Iwo Jima (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26300958)
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