Английская Википедия:Battle of Kardia
Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Arab–Byzantine Wars The Battle of Kardia was a naval battle fought in Шаблон:Circa between the fleets of the Byzantine Empire and the Cretan Saracens off Kardia, in the Gulf of Saros. The battle was a major Byzantine victory.
According to the 10th-century chronicler Theophanes Continuatus—whose work was later reused almost without change by the 11th-century historian John SkylitzesШаблон:Sfn—in the early years of the reign of the Emperor Basil I the Macedonian (Шаблон:Reign), the Arab emir of Crete, Shu'ayb ("Saet" in Greek), son of the founder of the emirate, Abu Hafs, sent a Greek renegade called Photios, "a warlike and energetic fellow", on a major raiding expedition against the Byzantine Empire. The fleet led by Photios comprised over 50 vessels, including 27 heavy vessels (koumbaria) and many lighter galleys.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
This fleet plundered the shores of the Aegean Sea, looting and taking prisoners to be sold as slaves, and even penetrated into the Propontis and reached Prokonnesos, in the vicinity of Constantinople;Шаблон:Sfn the first time since the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 717–718 that a Muslim fleet had come so close to the Byzantine capital.Шаблон:Sfn The Byzantine response was headed by the droungarios of the Fleet, Niketas Ooryphas, who met the Saracen fleet in battle off Kardia, in the Gulf of Saros. The battle was a major victory for the Byzantines, who destroyed twenty Saracen vessels through the use of Greek fire, and forced the rest to flee back to Crete.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Some time after this defeat, Photios led another raid against Greece, but Ooryphas once again caught up with him and destroyed his fleet, killing Photios.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The dating of these events is unclear; Шаблон:Ill (Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abendland, 1966) and Dimitris Tsoungarakis (Byzantine Crete: From the 5th Century to the Venetian Conquest, 1988) place the battle at Kardia in 872,Шаблон:Sfn while Warren Treadgold (A History of the Byzantine State and Society) and John Pryor and Elizabeth Jeffreys (The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204) place it in Шаблон:Circa.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:EI2
- Шаблон:PMBZ
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
- Шаблон:John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057
- Английская Википедия
- 870s in the Byzantine Empire
- 870s conflicts
- Naval battles involving the Byzantine Empire
- Naval battles of the Arab–Byzantine wars
- Medieval Aegean Sea
- Naval battles involving the Emirate of Crete
- Military raids
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