Английская Википедия:Battle of Perlis River
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean Шаблон:Portuguese colonial campaigns
The Battle of Perlis River was an armed engagement that took place in 1547 within Perlis River, Malaysia, between a Portuguese fleet and a fleet of the Sultanate of Aceh. The Portuguese achieved "a complete victory" over the Acehnese fleet, which was almost completely destroyed.[1]
Context
At two in the morning in 9 September 1547, an Acehnese fleet silently approached the Portuguese Malacca in an attempt to assault it by surprise.[2] It numbered 3 galleys, 57 lancharas, 5000 men among sailors and warriors, 300 hulubalangs (ourobalões in Portuguese), plus 80 mercenaries from the Ottoman Empire of which 20 were former Janissaries of Greek origin.[2] Command was entrusted to the former sultan of Pedir, Bayaya Soora. The Sultan of Aceh was hoping to conquer territory across the Malacca Strait, on the Malay peninsula.[2]
Acehnese attack on Malacca
Under cloudy or rainy and windy conditions, Bayaya Soora began landing his men, but they were unexpectedly counter-ambushed by the Portuguese, who were fully aware of their approach, and received them with matchlock fire, killing many.[2][3] After hurriedly reembarking his men, Bayaya Soora sent the Portuguese captain of Malacca Simão de Melo a lofty and bombastic message, delivered by some fishermen he had captured and mutilated, written in their blood: he challended Melo to a single-duel, threatening among other things to "consider the King of Portugal as the lowliest vassal of Aceh" if he did not comply.[2][1]
The message was received with amusement by the Portuguese command, but was ignored, and the Acehnese withdrew north.[2][1]
Portuguese preparations
At that time, the renown Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier resided in the city, and he publicly remonstrated the garrison vigorously for not chasing the enemy.[2] Nine light-galleys and 230 soldiers were therefore equipped to seek battle with the Acehnese, all of Malacca having provided supplies voluntarily.[2] On October 25 the Portuguese flottilla set sail, numbering 9 light galleys and 230 soldiers, besides an unrecorded number of rowers, sailors, Indian auxiliaries and slaves, under the command of Dom Francisco de Eça.[2]
The ruse of the Sultan of Johor
Sometime after the departure of Dom Francisco, a large fleet of over 300 vessels under the command of the Sultan of Johor anchored within the Muar River near Malacca.[2] Having been informed that a Portuguese fleet had recently left to fight the Acehnese, the sultan offered captain Simão de Melo his condolences for "the total destruction" of the Portuguese fleet, and requested permission to not just drop anchor in the harbour but also land forces to help protect the city from the Acehnese.[2] Suspecting of treachery, Melo politely rejected the offer, claiming that "a great victory" had just been won and that he had enough soldiers to defend Malacca.[2] The sultan did not move from Muar and disptached light vessels north to gather information.[2]
Battle
Dom Francisco was instructed not to sail north of Pulo Sambilão island.[2] Upon reaching those islands however, a storm prevented him from turning back, and after gathering a war-council with his captains they set sail to Tenasserim.[2]
The flottilla entered the Perlis River to take in water, but learned from local fishermen that by pure chance the Acehnese happened to be anchored upstream; they had already captured Perlis, sacked the surrounding towns, killed or enslaved thousands and were building a fort.[2][4]
Once the Portuguese learned that the Acehnese were approaching, Dom Francisco ran through his fleet fortifying his men with spirited words.[2] The Aceh fleet sailed resolutely and in formation, but it lacked heavy caliber artillery, and as the river was narrow, they could not take advantage of their numerical superiority.[2]
Acehnese gunners fired too early, and their shots fell short.[2] Once they were very close, the Portuguese fired a salvo of heavy guns, which severely damaged the three Turkish galleys in the vanguard, while the great Acehnese flagship was sunk, which threw the following oarships into disarray.[2] The Portuguese unleashed volleys of artillery and matchlock fire or clay bombs into the compact Acehnese fleet before boarding the ships closest, and after an hour all Acehnese had jumped overboard, beached their ships or been killed in the action.[2]
Aftermath
The Portuguese captured 45 vessels, of which 20 were burned, and 300 cannon, 800 arquebuses and a large but unrecorded number of personal weapons, many richly decorated with jewels.[2] The Portuguese lost 29 men, while thousands of Acehnese were killed.[2] The Sultan of Perlis, who had lost his capital to the Acehnese retreated to Patani, regrouped and counterattacked with 500 men, killed 200 Acehnese in the action, and recovered his kingdom.[2][5] He later met Dom Francisco to sign an alliance with the Portuguese and became a tributary vassal of Portugal.[2][5]
Dom Francisco and his force was met with triumphant celebrations in Malacca.[2] After learning that the Acehnese had been defeated, the Sultan of Johor assaulted the messenger who delivered the news in a fit of rage, and withdrew from Muar.[2][6]
See also
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Frederick Charles Danvers, (1894) The Portuguese in India: A.D. 1481-1571, W.H. Allen & Company, limited, Volume I p. 481.
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 2,15 2,16 2,17 2,18 2,19 2,20 2,21 2,22 2,23 2,24 2,25 2,26 Saturnino Monteiro (1992): Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa Volume III, p. 95-103.
- ↑ The Life of St. Francis Xavier, Apostle of the Indies and Japan by Daniello Bartoli, J. P. Maffei, Frederick William Faber, 1889, p. 244.
- ↑ Daniello Bartoli, J. P. Maffei, Frederick William Faber, 1889, p. 260.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Daniello Bartoli, J. P. Maffei, Frederick William Faber, 1889, p. 262.
- ↑ Daniello Bartoli, J. P. Maffei, Frederick William Faber, 1889, p. 268.
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