Английская Википедия:Battle of Plains Store
Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Siege of Port Hudson The Battle of Plains Store was fought on May 21, 1863, in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, during the campaign to capture Port Hudson in the American Civil War. Union troops advancing from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, clashed with 600 Confederates at a road junction. The initial Confederate force withdrew, but 400 more Confederates arrived from Port Hudson. Some of the Confederate reinforcement overran Union artillery and routed a Union regiment, but were unable to capture the guns. Union reinforcements advanced to the front, attacked part of the Confederate force and drove them from the field. The Confederates withdrew to Port Hudson, which was almost entirely surrounded by Union troops the next day. Port Hudson was under siege until the defenders surrendered on July 9.
Background
By 1863, during the American Civil War, the Confederate strongholds at Port Hudson, Louisiana, and Vicksburg, Mississippi, allowed for Confederate control of the Mississippi River between the two points. Supplies could cross the river from one half of the Confederacy to the other.Шаблон:Sfn Union forces placed Vicksburg under siege in May 1863.Шаблон:Sfn Other Union troops commanded by Major General Nathaniel Banks had been moving towards Shreveport, Louisiana, but instead turned towards Port Hudson to capture it. Banks's goal was to defeat the Confederate force there led by Major General Franklin Gardner and then drive north to aid the attack on Vicksburg.[1] In support of Banks, a Union division led by Major General Christopher C. Augur left Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and moved north towards Port HudsonШаблон:Sfn on May 20Шаблон:Sfn with 3,500 men.Шаблон:Sfn Like much of Banks' army, Augur's troops were relatively inexperienced and Plains Store would be the first time his regiments saw combat.Шаблон:Sfn
Battle
On the morning of May 21, Augur's leading forces, commanded by Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson, met Confederate troops near the junction of the Plains Store and Bayou Sara roads.Шаблон:Sfn Plains Store itself was located here.Шаблон:Sfn Taking the junction would secure a landing point for Banks and allow the two Union forces to join.Шаблон:Sfn The crossroads was defended by 600 men commanded by Colonel Frank P. Powers;Шаблон:Sfn Powers's force consisted of part of the 14th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Powers'), a cavalry force, and Abbay's Mississippi Battery. Skirmishing continued while the main Union force arrived. As Confederate artillery fire prevented a Union advance, Union artillery was brought up at around 10:00 am and an artillery duel began.Шаблон:Sfn The Union artillery, consisting of the 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery G and part of the 18th New York Battery, were initially unable suppress the Confederate fire. Colonel N. A. M. Dudley then ordered the New York battery to withdraw, and replaced it with the 2nd Vermont Battery. Dudley also sent infantrymen forward to skirmish with the Confederates.Шаблон:Sfn Powers was outnumbered by the Union force.Шаблон:Sfn Around noon, Gardner sent Colonel William R. Miles with 400 infantrymenШаблон:Sfn (known as Miles' Legion)Шаблон:Sfn and Boone's Louisiana Battery to support Powers.Шаблон:Sfn
Before Miles arrived, Powers ran low on ammunitionШаблон:Sfn and withdrew from the field.[2] Dudley's men occupied the junction after the Confederate withdrawal.Шаблон:Sfn Some Union artillery and the 48th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was advanced up the road to Port Hudson, with the rest of the Union force remaining back around Plains Store. Miles had advanced through the woods and was not noticed by the Union troops. He divided his force into two wings: Major James T. Coleman took two companies to the right, and Lieutenant Colonel F. B. Brand took three companies to the left. Coleman's men came under fire from the advanced Union artillery. Attacking the guns, Coleman's troops overran them and routed the 48th Massachusetts.Шаблон:Sfn The Confederates were unable to take the cannons from the field because the battery horses had been killed.Шаблон:Sfn
When the firing started, two Union regimentsШаблон:Sndthe 116th New York Infantry Regiment and the 49th Massachusetts Infantry RegimentШаблон:Snd were sent forward in support. The 49th Massachusetts engaged Coleman's men, and while Confederate artillery fire forced them to take cover, Coleman did not have enough men to attack. Brand was able to outflank the 116th New York, but the New Yorkers turned to face the Confederates and then charged them, driving them from the field.Шаблон:Sfn The Confederates withdrew to Port Hudson.Шаблон:Sfn
Aftermath
Historian John D. Winters states that the Confederates suffered 89 men killed, wounded, or missing, and the Union 100.Шаблон:Sfn Miles's official report noted 89 casualties of all types, although he noted that the exact breakdown of killed and wounded was unknown.Шаблон:Sfn Historian Russell W. Blount states that the Confederates lost 12 men killed to the Union's 15 and that the wounded for both sides totaled over 100, primarily Union soldiers.Шаблон:Sfn An official Union postbattle report claimed that Augur lost about 150 men to all causes.Шаблон:Sfn Blount, summarizing the battle, states that "nothing was accomplished [...] except the shedding of the first blood" in the Port Hudson campaign.Шаблон:Sfn
During the battle, Gardner was ordered by Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston to abandon Port Hudson, but Gardner instead obeyed orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis and remained in his position, requesting reinforcements.Шаблон:Sfn On May 22, Banks landed troops at Bayou Sara and pushed forward, having heard that Augur had met resistance. More Union troops arrived from New Orleans, Louisiana, and by the end of the day, Port Hudson was almost completely surrounded.Шаблон:Sfn Johnston again ordered Gardner to withdraw the next day, but by that point the Confederates in Port Hudson were cut off. The Siege of Port Hudson began in which the Confederates were reduced to eating rats and mules. Gardner surrendered on July 9, five days after Vicksburg fell.Шаблон:Sfn
Union casualties
| Unit | Killed | Wounded | Missing | Casualties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Louisiana Infantry Regiment | 2 | 11 | 1 | 14 |
| 30th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 48th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment | 2 | 7 | 11 | 20 |
| 49th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment | 0 | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 116th New York Infantry Regiment | 11 | 44 | 1 | 56 |
| Totals | 15 | 71 | 14 | 100 |
References
Sources
External links
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Louisiana in the Civil War Шаблон:Authority control
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Siege of Port Hudson
- Battles of the Lower Seaboard Theater and Gulf Approach of the American Civil War
- Union victories of the American Civil War
- Battles of the American Civil War in Louisiana
- East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
- 1863 in Louisiana
- May 1863 events
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- Википедия
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