Английская Википедия:Battle of Río San Gabriel
Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:California Campaign Шаблон:Campaignbox Mexican–American War
The Battle of Río San Gabriel, fought on 8 January 1847, was a decisive action of the California campaign of the Mexican–American War and occurred at a ford of the San Gabriel River, at what are today parts of the cities of Whittier, Pico Rivera and Montebello, about ten miles south-east of downtown Los Angeles.
Background
After the Battle of San Pasqual, the battered Army of the West, commanded by General Stephen W. Kearny, went to the headquarters of Commodore Robert F. Stockton at San Diego, California. Stockton's next objective was to recapture Pueblo de Los Angeles. That settlement had been previously captured by Stockton's forces but was left in the command of Captain Archibald Gillespie and had been lost to the Californio militia, commanded by General José María Flores in the Siege of Los Angeles that Fall. Stockton's force, which included six cannons this time, left San Diego on 28–29 December.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Kearny and Stockton initially disputed the right of command. Although Kearny had superior orders from the United States War Department, he had previously sent most of his troops back to Santa Fe, New Mexico, believing that the war in California had ended, and his remaining force sustained heavy losses at the Battle of San Pasqual.[1]Шаблон:Rp Stockton had a larger force and was familiar with the area, so Kearny did not initially dispute Stockton's command of the campaign to recapture Los Angeles.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Battle
U.S. scouts discovered the Mexican position at a key ford along the San Gabriel River on January 7, 1847.[1]Шаблон:Rp Approaching from the south, Stockton and Kearny planned a crossing for the next day. The U.S. forces had formed into a hollow square with the artillery and baggage in the center. Kearny ordered the artillery unlimbered to cover the crossing, but Stockton countered the order and began to move across the river.[1]Шаблон:Rp The crossing proved to be especially difficult because Flores was in a good position to contest the crossing from the high banks across the river, and the ford had patches of quicksand at the bottom of the knee deep water.[1]Шаблон:Rp
At approximately 2 pm, the Americans formed into a square when two miles from the river with the baggage and cattle in the middle, and sent skirmishers ahead.[1]Шаблон:Rp Flores attacked the square with horses, which failed, plus his makeshift ammunition and inadequate gunpowder proved to be ineffective.[1]Шаблон:Rp The U.S. officers and men manhandled their cannon across while the forward quarter of the square took cover on the river edge.[1]Шаблон:Rp Stockton personally helped unlimber and direct the artillery, which silenced both Californio cannons.[1]Шаблон:Rp
Kearny led and commanded the assault force while Stockton stayed with the guns. The left flank of the square took a Californio riverbank position and held it against a counterattack from militia lancers shouting "viva Los Californios". Then the whole square charged forward shouting "New Orleans, New Orleans", in honor of Andrew Jackson's victory against Great Britain there that day thirty-one years before.[1]Шаблон:Rp The charge took the heights, and Flores withdrew his smaller force.[1]Шаблон:Rp The battle had lasted an hour and a half,[1]Шаблон:Rp and the battle was decisive in the campaign for control of Los Angeles, and Alta California.
General Kearny's official report of the battle: Шаблон:Blockquote
Aftermath
Stockton and Kearny stayed on the field overnight and resumed the pursuit the next day, moving west from the San Gabriel River to the Los Angeles Rivers near present-day Vernon, about 4 miles south of Los Angeles. There they defeated Flores' troops at the Battle of La Mesa. On January 10 the U.S. forces reoccupied Los Angeles, and Archibald Gillespie was able to raise the same U.S. Flag over the house which he was forced to bring down a year before during the Siege of Los Angeles.[1]Шаблон:Rp
After Los Angeles and the whole of southern California was secured, the command issue between Stockton and Kearny heated up once again.[1]Шаблон:Rp Stockton, who had been the initial military governor of California, later granted that post to his aide, Lieutenant-Colonel (later General) John C. Fremont.[1]Шаблон:Rp Kearny, based on his more recent orders from the War Department, asserted that post for himself but was initially ignored.
On January 10, 1847, Stockton established his headquarters on Wine Street, now known as Olvera Street, in the pueblo settlement of Ciudad de Los Angeles and assisted in setting up a civil government; that home is still standing as part of the historic area.
Kearny left California on 31 May 1847 for St. Louis, with Fremont, whom he would prefer charges.[1]Шаблон:Rp Stockton left on 20 June.[1]Шаблон:Rp
The site of the battle is now registered as California Historical Landmark #385.[2] The memorial, marked by a plaque flanked by two cannons, is located at the corner of Washington Blvd. and Bluff Rd. in Montebello. Volunteers in costume re-enact the battle annually.
California Historical Landmark Marker
California Historical Landmark Marker No. 385 at the site reads:[3] Шаблон:Blockquote
See also
- List of conflicts in the United States
- Battles of the Mexican–American War
- Captain John Strother Griffin (1816–1898), physician during the battle
References
Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite book (indexed at end of volume 24)
- Nevin, David; editor, The Mexican War (1978)
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- Center for Greater Southwestern Studies: "A Continent Divided: The U.S. - Mexico War" — from the University of Texas at Arlington.
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Battles of the Conquest of California
- 1847 in Alta California
- San Gabriel River (California)
- California Historical Landmarks
- History of Los Angeles County, California
- San Gabriel, California
- Montebello, California
- Pico Rivera, California
- Whittier, California
- United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
- January 1847 events
- 1847 in the Mexican-American War
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}