Английская Википедия:Battle of Warns
Шаблон:Disputed Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict
The Battle of Warns (Шаблон:Lang-fy; Шаблон:Lang-nl) was a battle of the Friso-Hollandic Wars between Count William IV of Holland and the Frisians which took place on 26 September 1345. The annual commemoration of the battle is important for many nationalist Frisians. The Frisians won the battle and repelled the 'Hollanders' from the eastern coast of the Zuiderzee.[1]
Attack
After the Hollandic counts completed their conquest of West Frisia, they planned the conquest of Middle Frisia, which now forms most of the present province of Friesland.
In 1345, William IV, count of Holland, prepared to conquer Middle Frisia by crossing the Zuiderzee with a large fleet and with the help of French and Flemish knights, some of whom had just returned from a crusade.
He set sail in Enkhuizen to cross the Zuiderzee, together with his uncle John of Beaumont, and landed near Stavoren and Laaxum. They planned to use the Sint-Odulphus monastery near Stavoren as a fortification. The Hollandic knights wore armour, but had no horses as there was not enough room in the ships, which were full of building materials and supplies. William's troops set fire to the abandoned villages of Laaxum and Warns and started to advance towards Stavoren.
In the countryside around Warns, the Hollandic count was attacked by the local inhabitants. Despite their heavy armor, the knights were no match for the furious Frisian farmers and fishermen. The path the Hollandic knights chose to flee led straight to the Red Cliffs.
As they fled, they entered a swamp where they were decisively beaten. Their commander William IV of Holland was killed. When John of Beaumont heard what had happened, he ordered a retreat back to the ships. They were pursued by the Frisians and only a few made it to Amsterdam.
Tactical mistakes
The battle was marked by a number of tactical mistakes by the Hollanders. First, they divided their force in two. William landed north of Stavoren and his uncle Jan landed south.
In addition, William continued the attack in haste without waiting for his archers. With a small group of 500 men, he reached St. Odulphusklooster because the Frisians purposely moved back. But they then cut Willem from the bulk of his troops and defeated him.
After Count Willem was killed, the Frisians turned against his main troops, who could not flee because the ships were offshore. When these troops were defeated, they attacked John of Beaumont, who had not participated until then. The Frisians could beat him because his camp was chosen poorly, with the sea at his back, so that his army had nowhere to retreat. The Frisians took the battle with the Hollanders in the water where they beat them down.
Losses
The disaster sparked many accounts of the losses. In 1869 Van Malderghem made a serious study of the losses on Count Williams' side.Шаблон:Sfn He made a list of the deceased, with notes about which source mentioned them. The table shows the part of Van Malderghem's list that he based on the Chronique Anonyme de Valenciennes and Beke. Relevant fragments of the Chronique Anonyme de Valenciennes were published by Joseph Kervyn de Lettenhove in his Histoire et croniques de Flandre.
The author of the Chronique Anonyme de Valenciennes focused on the losses from the County of Hainaut. The monk Johannes de Beke from Egmond Abbey focused on casualties from the County of Holland. Beke thought that the knight bannerets, referred to as 'Domino de' or 'D' and marked with (b), were important enough to mention, even when they were not from Holland.
| Name by Van Malderghem | County | C.a. de ValenciennesШаблон:Sfn | BekeШаблон:Sfn | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henri d'Antoing (b)Шаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | D. de Antongen (b) | ||
| Michel I de Ligne (b)Шаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. de Lingne | D. de Lingni (b) | |
| Gaultier Lingne | Hainaut | Gautier de Lingne | Brother of the Lord of LingneШаблон:Sfn | |
| Le Sire de Wal(in)courtШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. de Walecourt | D. de Walincord (b) | Jean sire de Walincourt et CysoingШаблон:Sfn |
| Thierry de WalcourtШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | Theodricus de Walkord | ||
| Rasse de MontignyШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. Rasse de Montigny | There were 2 Montigny's in HainautШаблон:Sfn | |
| Jean de LisseroeulxШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. Jehan de Lussereulles | ||
| Jean de BillemontШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. Jehan de Buyllemont | ||
| Henri de BrissoeulШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. Henry de Brisseul | ||
| Gauthier de MaunyШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | D. de Many (b) | Van Malderghem had doubts here | |
| Gilles de Mauni dit GrignartШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. Gille Grenart | ||
| Thierry de MaunyШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | M. Thiery de Mauny | ||
| Jean de MaunyШаблон:Sfn | Hainaut | Jehan de Mauny | ||
| Ferri de Hordaing | Hainaut | M. Ferry de Hordaing |
| Name by Van Malderghem | County | C.a. de ValenciennesШаблон:Sfn | BekeШаблон:Sfn | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerard of Hornes, Gaesbeek etc. (b)Шаблон:Sfn | Holland | D. de Hoorn (b) | Gerard II of Horne | |
| Daniel lord of Merwede and Wieldrecht (b)Шаблон:Sfn | Holland | M. Daniel de la Merwede | D. de Merwede (b) | |
| Floris van Haemstede (b)Шаблон:Sfn | Zeeland | D. de Haemstede (b) | Floris I van Haamstede | |
| Gerard d'Audenhove dit MettenbaerdeШаблон:Sfn | Jülich | M. d'Adenehove | Gerardus Barbatus | The Lord of Audenhove |
| Guillaume de NaeldwyckШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Wilhelmus de Naeldwijc | ||
| Simon van TeilingenШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Symon de Teyling | ||
| Thierri van TeilingenШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Theodricus de Teyling | ||
| Nicolas van Arkel dit OemШаблон:Sfn | Brabant | Nycolaus Oem | ||
| Gui son of Otto van ArkelШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Ghyo de Asperen | ||
| Jean, vicomte de MontfortШаблон:Sfn | Utrecht | Ioh. Roverus de Montford | ||
| Guillaume de MontfortШаблон:Sfn | Utrecht | Wilhelmus de Montford | ||
| Thierri van ZanthorstШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Theodricus de Zanthorst | ||
| Thierri van SwietenШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Theodricus de Zweten | ||
| Herman van SwietenШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Hermannus de Zweten | ||
| Florent van der MerwedeШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Florencius de Merwede | Brother of the Lord of M.Шаблон:Sfn | |
| Ogier van SpangenШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Ogerus de Spange | ||
| Gérard EverШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Gerardus Ever | ||
| Alfert van der HorstШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Alfardus de Horst | Van Malderghem is uncertain | |
| Guillaume van DongenШаблон:Sfn | Holland | Wilhelmus de Dongen | ||
| Gérard de FlorenvilleШаблон:Sfn | Luxembourg | Gerardus de Florevyl |
Commemoration
The Battle of Warns was annually celebrated on September 26 until the 16th century. In 1942 the commemoration was restored by Frisian fascists. Since 1945 it takes place at the last Saturday of September, reinterpreted, however, in the light of the victory ofer fascism and the upcoming struggle for recognition of the Frisian language. It is celebrated nowadays by Frisians nationalists. There is a monument on the Red Cliffs in Warns since 1951, a large glacial erratic with the 19th-century romantic text leaver dea as slaef [sic] (rather dead than slave). The road to Scharl is traditionally called the ferkearde wei (the wrong way) by locals, as it is considered (according to the 19th-century romantic vision) the way the Hollandic knights chose to their downfall.
The Battle of Warnsveld was the inspiration for the influential historical novel De Roos van Dekama by Jacob van Lennep, published in 1836.
References
Notes
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Conflicts in 1345
- 1345 in Europe
- Battles involving Holland
- Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
- Wars involving Frisia
- History of Friesland
- Súdwest-Fryslân
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
