Английская Википедия:Bayan-Ölgii Province

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox settlement Bayan-Ölgii (Шаблон:Lang-mn, Шаблон:IPA-mn; Шаблон:Lang-xal, Шаблон:IPA-mn; Шаблон:Lang-kk, Шаблон:IPA-kk; Шаблон:Literally "Rich region") is the westernmost of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. The country's only Muslim and Kazakh-majority aimag, it was established in August 1940. Its capital is Ölgii.

Geography

The aimag is located in the extreme west of the country, and shares borders with both Russia and China. The border between the two neighbouring countries is very short here, though, and ends after about 40 km at the eastern end of Kazakhstan. Within Mongolia, the neighbouring aimags are Uvs in the north east and Khovd in the south east.

Файл:Mongolia Lago Buzau.JPG
Lake Tolbo

Bayan-Ölgii is the highest Mongolian aimag. For the most part it is located in the Mongolian Altay, at the transition point to the Russian Altay. About 10% of the territory is covered by forests, consisting primarily of Siberian Larch.

The Nairamdal Peak (also Friendship Peak, Chinese: Youyi Feng) of the Altai Tavan Bogd (five saints mountain) massif mountain marks the corner between the three neighbouring countries. About 2.5 km further south on the Mongolian-Chinese border, the Khüiten Peak is the highest point of Mongolia at a height of 4,374 m. The massif includes several glaciers, such as the 19 km Potanin Glacier, and is only accessible to experienced climbers with local guidance.

The Khovd River (the longest in the western Mongolian Great Lakes Depression) has its origin in this aimag. It is fed by the three lakes Khoton, Khurgan, and Dayan, and in turn feeds the lake Khar-Us in the Khovd Aimag. The Tolbo Lake is a large saline lake about 50 km south of the aimag capital. It features clear and cold water on an elevation of 2,080 m.

Population

Most inhabitants of Bayan-Ölgii are Kazakhs (93%).[1] The rest of the population is composed of Uriankhai, Dörvöd,[2] Khalkha, Tsengel Tuvans, and Khoshuud. A significant portion of the population speaks Kazakh as their mother tongue and the Mongolian language only as a second language, if at all.

After democratization, many inhabitants moved to their historical homeland, Kazakhstan, assuming they would find a better future there. The result was a noticeable loss of population in 1991-1993, when approximately 80 thousand repatriated to Kazakhstan. A noticeable number of former immigrants have been returning, so that the population has risen again.

Bayan-Ölgii aimag population[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
1956
census 		1960
est. 		1963
census 		1969
census 		1975
est. 		1979
census 		1981
est. 		1985
est. 		1989
census 		1991
est. 		1993
est. 		1995
est. 		1998
est. 		2000
census 		2010
census 		2020
census
38,800 44,600 47,800 58,100 66,600 71,400 74,500 82,400 90,900 102,817 75,043 82,259 87,341 94,094 88,056 108,530

Culture

Файл:Landscape in Bayan-Ölgii Aimag.jpg
Landscape in Bayan-Ölgii Province.

Шаблон:Further The culture of the Kazakh majority is strongly influenced by Islamic traditions. The mosque of Ölgii also houses the Islamic Center of Mongolia. It is placed at an unusual angle within the fabric of the city, because the building was oriented exactly towards Mecca. There is also a madrasah (Islamic school) at the same place.

The aimag is famous for the traditional practice of hunting with trained eagles.[10][11][12][13][14] The captive eagles work in a similar way as hunting falcons do. While eagles are used for hunting in other parts of the world, particularly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the practice is most common in Bayan-Ölgii, where an estimated 80 percent of the world's eagle hunters live.[15] The annual Golden Eagle Festival is held in Ölgii every October to display the skill of eagle hunters, with about 70 hunters participating per year.[16][17]

Traffic

The Ölgii Airport (ULG/ZMUL) has one runway, unpaved until 2011. It offers regular flights to Ulaanbaatar and irregular flights to Ulaangom and Mörön in Mongolia and Almaty in Kazakhstan.

A road connecting to Russia starts in Tsagaannuur.

The border with China is open only for a short time in the summer.

National parks

The Altai Tavan Bogd National Park covers 6,362 km² and is located south of the highest mountain of Mongolia. It includes the lakes Khoton, Khurgan, and Dayan. The protected area offers a home for many species of alpine animal, such as the Argali sheep, Ibex, Red deer, Beech marten, Moose, Snow cock, and Golden eagle.

The Khökh Serkhiin Nuruu Protected Area (659 km²) and the Siilkhemiin Nuruu National Park (1,428 km²) are of similar character.

The Develiin Aral Natural Reserve (103 km²) is established around Develiin Island at the confluence of the rivers Lsan Khooloi and Khovd. Since 2000 it has provided protection for various birds and animals including pheasants, boars, and beavers.

The Tsambagarav Uul National Park includes 1,115 km² of land around the glaciers near the Khovd aimag and protects the snow leopards living there, among others.

Administrative subdivisions

Файл:Mongolia Olgii sum map.png
Sums of Bayan-Ölgii
The Sums of Bayan-Ölgii aimag
Sum Mongolian Sum
population
(1985)Шаблон:Citation needed 		Sum
population
(1994)[18] 		Sum
population
(2005)[4] 		Sum
population
(2008)[8] 		Sum
population
(2009)[9] 		Sum
centre
population
(2009)[9] 		Area
(km²)[19] 		Density
(/km²) 		Distance
from

Ölgii
city(km)

Altai Шаблон:Lang 3,400 3,237 3,914 3,659 3,811 973 3,163.56 1.20 112
Altantsögts Шаблон:Lang 3,300 3,038 3,038 3,114 3,080 826 1,786.10 1.72 43
Bayannuur Шаблон:Lang 4,800 4,507 5,320 5,012 5,033 1,784 2,339.50 2.15 126
Bugat Шаблон:Lang 3,300 2,777 3,604 3,741 3,642 1,161 2,049.10 1.78 6
Bulgan Шаблон:Lang 5,000 5,115 5,901 5,827 5,528 944 4,977.33 1.11 294
Buyant Шаблон:Lang 2,300 2,546 3,002 2,683 2,514 653 1,845.67 1.36 72
Delüün Шаблон:Lang 6,600 6,782 8,183 7,078 7,133 1,642 5,594.99 1.27 158
Nogoonnuur Шаблон:Lang 7,500 * 6,331 6,539 6,566 6,375 2,165 5,221.94 * 1.22 * 92
Ölgii Шаблон:Lang 24,000 21,569 28,248 28,496 28,448 28,448 100.92 281.89 0
Sagsai Шаблон:Lang 4,100 3,746 5,185 5,174 5,089 1,375 3,139.99 1.62 27
Tolbo Шаблон:Lang 4,100 3,746 4,260 4,076 4,136 1,067 2,974.69 1.39 76
Tsagaannuur Шаблон:Lang - 1,878 1,528 1,452 1,473 1,473 - - 69
Tsengel Шаблон:Lang 6,700 6,539 8,364 8,305 8,348 2,028 6,463.17 1.29 79
Ulaankhus Шаблон:Lang 7,300 6,807 8,672 8,748 8,407 1,480 6,047.93 1.39 46

* - Tsagaannuur including

Governors

Шаблон:Col-beginШаблон:Col-3 First secretaries

  1. Şymşyrūly Noğai (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1940–1942)
  2. Düzelbaiūly Jeñıshan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1942)
  3. Ş. Vançinhű Arslan (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1943)
  4. Mälıkūly Qaşqynbai (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1943–1952)
  5. Mūhamädiūly Qūrmanhan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1952–1953)
  6. Juanğanūly Rym (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1953–1954)
  7. Mälıkūly Qaşqynbai (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1954–1957)
  8. Qamatjanūly Mūsahan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1958–1962)
  9. B. Dulamragçá (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1962–1966)
  10. B. Dejid (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1966–1970)
  11. Ya Jigjid (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1970–1976)
  12. L. Hürlé (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1976–1980)
  13. Baitazaūly Qūrmetbek (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1980–1999)

Шаблон:Col-3 Chairmen of executive committee

  1. Bäjıūly Qabi (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1940–1942)
  2. A. Begzjav (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1942–1943)
  3. Düzelbaiūly Jeñıshan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1943–1950)
  4. Mūhamädiūly Qūrmanham (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1950–1952)
  5. Ç. Şagdar (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1952–1953)
  6. Mūhamädiūly Qūrmanham (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1954–1955)
  7. Şäbıūly Qabdyl (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1955–1958)
  8. Juanğanūly Rym (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1959–1970)
  9. Asqanbaiūly Sarai (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1970–1978)
  10. Qūsbekūly Qyzyrhan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1978–1989)
  11. T. Davájav (Шаблон:Lang-mn; 1989–1990)

Шаблон:Col-3 After 1991

  1. Küntuğanūly Mizamhan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1990–1996)
  2. Qadyrūly Meiram (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 1996–2000)
  3. Qabdysılämūly Bädelhan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 2000–2004)
  4. Omarūly Ğabsattar (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 2004–2007)
  5. Säkeiūly Qabyl (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 2007–2012)
  6. Qūzkeiūly Därmen (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 2012–2016)
  7. Aiypūly Ğylymhan (Шаблон:Lang-kk; 2016–2020)

Шаблон:Col-end

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

  • Soma, Takuya & Battulga, Sukhee. 2014. 'Altai Kazakh Falconry as Heritage Tourism: “The Golden Eagle Festival” of Western Mongolia', "The International Journal of Intangible Heritage vol. 9", edited by Alissandra Cummins, pp. 135–148. Seoul: The National Folk Museum of Korea. [1]　
  • Soma, Takuya. 2014. 'Current Situation and Issues of Transhumant Animal Herding in Sagsai County, Bayan Ulgii Province, Western Mongolia', E-journal GEO 9(1): pp. 102–119. [2]
  • Soma, Takuya. 2015. Human and Raptor Interactions in the Context of a Nomadic Society: Anthropological and Ethno-Ornithological Studies of Altaic Kazakh Falconry and its Cultural Sustainability in Western Mongolia. University of Kassel Press, Kassel (Germany) Шаблон:ISBN.
  • 相馬拓也 2014 「モンゴル西部バヤン・ウルギー県サグサイ村における移動牧畜の現状と課題」『E-Journal GEO vol. 9 (no. 1) 』: pp. 102–189. [3]

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Wikivoyage

Шаблон:Geographic location Шаблон:Districts of Bayan-Ölgii Шаблон:Provinces of Mongolia Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ National Economy of the Mongolian People's Republic (1921 - 1981), Ulaanbaatar 1981
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Bayan-Ölgii Aimag Statistical Office. Annual Report 2009 (prelim.) Шаблон:Webarchive (mong.)
  10. ↑ Soma, Takuya. 2012. ‘Contemporary Falconry in Altai-Kazakh in Western Mongolia’The International Journal of Intangible Heritage (vol.7), pp. 103–111. [4]
  11. ↑ Soma, Takuya. 2012. ‘The Art of Horse-Riding Falconry by Altai-Kazakh Falconers’. In HERITAGE 2012 (vol.2): Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development, edited by R. Amoêda, S. Lira, & C. Pinheiro, pp. 1499–1506. Porto: Green Line Institute for Sustainable Development, Шаблон:ISBN.
  12. ↑ Soma, Takuya. 2012. ‘Horse-Riding Falconry in Altai-Kazakh Nomadic Society: Anthropological Researches in Summertime Activities of Falconers and Golden Eagle’. Japanese Journal of Human and Animal Relation 32: pp. 38–47.
  13. ↑ Soma, Takuya. 2013. ‘Hunting Arts of Eagle Falconers in the Altai-Kazakhs: Contemporary Operations of Horse-Riding Falconry in Sagsai County, Western Mongolia’. Japanese Journal of Human and Animal Relation 35:　pp. 58–66.
  14. ↑ Soma, Takuya. 2013. ‘Ethnographic Study of Altaic Kazakh Falconers’, Falco: The Newsletter of the Middle East Falcon Research Group 41, pp. 10–14. 2013. [5]
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Soma, Takuya & Battulga, Sukhee. 2014. 'Altai Kazakh Falconry as Heritage Tourism: “The Golden Eagle Festival” of Western Mongolia', "The International Journal of Intangible Heritage vol. 9", edited by Alissandra Cummins, pp. 135-148. Seoul: The National Folk Museum of Korea. [6]
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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