Английская Википедия:Bayer 04 Leverkusen
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:RedirectШаблон:Not to be confused with Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox football club Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball GmbH, also known as Bayer 04 Leverkusen (Шаблон:IPA-de), Bayer Leverkusen, or simply Bayer, is a professional football club based in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.[1] The club competes in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football, and plays its home matches at the BayArena.[2][3]
The club was founded in 1904 by employees of the German pharmaceutical company Bayer AG, whose headquarters are in Leverkusen and from which the club draws its name. It was formerly the best-known department of TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen, a sports club whose members also participate in athletics, gymnastics, basketball, field handball and other sports including the RTHC Bayer Leverkusen (rowing, tennis and hockey). In 1999, the football department was separatedШаблон:By whom from the sports club and is now a separate entity formally called Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball GmbH.[3] Bayer were first promoted to the Bundesliga in 1979, and have remained in the top division ever since. The club's main colours are red and black, both having been used as the main shirt colour and with red and black stripes also having been used as home colours.
Bayer Leverkusen have finished as runner-up in the Bundesliga five times without winning the competition, a record in German football. The club has won one DFB-Pokal and one UEFA Cup.[4] Bayer also finished runner-up in the 2001–02 UEFA Champions League, losing 2–1 to Real Madrid in the final. Their local rivals are 1. FC Köln, Borussia Mönchengladbach and Fortuna Düsseldorf.[5]
History
Origins and early years
On 27 November 1903, Wilhelm Hauschild wrote a letter – signed by 170 of his fellow workers – to his employer, the Friedrich Bayer and Co., seeking the company's support in starting a sports club.[6] The company agreed to support the initiative, and on 1 July 1904 Turn- und Spielverein Bayer 04 Leverkusen was founded.[6] On 31 May 1907, a seprate football department was formed within the club.[6] In the culture of sports in Germany at the time, there was significant animosity between gymnasts and other types of athletes.Шаблон:Cn Eventually this contributed to a split within the club: on 8 June 1928, the footballers formed a separate association – Sportvereinigung Bayer 04 Leverkusen – that also included the handball and fistball players, athletics, and boxing, while the gymnasts carried on as TuS Bayer 04 Leverkusen. SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen took with them the club's traditional colours of red and black, with the gymnasts adopting blue and yellow.
Through this period, and into the 1930s, SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen played third and fourth division football.[7] In 1936, they earned promotion to the second highest class of play of the period.[7] That was also the year that the club wore the familiarШаблон:To whom "Bayer" cross for the first time.[7] They made their first appearance in upper league play in 1951, in the Oberliga West and played there until 1956, after which they were reglegated.
SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen would not return to the upper leagues until 1962, just one season before the formation of Germany's new professonal league, the Bundesliga. The next year saw the club in the Regionalliga West, tier II, where their performances over the next few seasons left them well downШаблон:Vague the league table.
2. Bundesliga to Bundesliga, UEFA Cup, and DFB-Pokal
SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen made something ofШаблон:Vague a breakthrough in 1968 by winning the division title, but was unable to advance through the playoff round to the first division. The club was reglegated again in 1973, but made a quick return to what was now called the 2. Bundesliga after just one season spent in the third division. Four years later, the club handilyШаблон:According to whom secured a place in the Bundesliga to start to play there in the 1979–80 season.
By the mid-1980s, SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen had played its wayШаблон:Tone inline into the upper half of the league table and was well-established there by the end of the decade. It was during this time, in 1984, that the two halves of the club that had parted ways over a half century earlier were re-united as TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen e.V. The new club took red and white as its colours.
In addition to becoming an established Bundesliga side, the club earned its first honours with a dramaticШаблон:According to whom win in the 1988 UEFA Cup. Down 0–3 to Espanyol after the first leg of the final, Bayer Leverkusen drew even in the return match and then capturedШаблон:Tone inline the title on penalty kicks, 3–2.[8][9]
That same year,Шаблон:Vague long-time Bayer Leverkusen executive Reiner Calmund became the general manager of the club. This is regardedШаблон:By whom as one of the most important moves in the club's history, as Calmund ushered inШаблон:Vague a decade and a half of the club's greatest successes through shrewd,Шаблон:According to whom far-sighted player acquisitions.
After the German reunification in 1990, Reiner Calmund was quick to sign East German starsШаблон:Tone inline Ulf Kirsten, Andreas Thom and Jens Melzig. The three players would become instant crowd favourites,Шаблон:According to whom and make significantШаблон:According to whom contributions to the team. Calmund also established groundbreakingШаблон:According to whom contacts in Brazilian football, befriending Juan Figer, one of Brazil's most powerfulШаблон:According to whom player agents. Over the next fewШаблон:Quantify years, budding superstars,Шаблон:Tone inline such as Jorginho and Paulo Sérgio, joined the team, as did Czech starШаблон:Tone inline Pavel Hapal. The club also signed charismaticШаблон:According to whom players, such as Bernd Schuster, and Rudi Völler, helping to ensure the team's popularityШаблон:According to whom and growing success.
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1923–1928
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1928–1938
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1948–1965
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1965–1970
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1970–1976
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1976–1984
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1984–1990
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1990–1996
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Since 1996
The club capturedШаблон:Tone inline its next honour in 1993 with a 1–0 win in the DFB-Pokal over a surprisingШаблон:VagueШаблон:Why Hertha BSC amateur squad on 12 June 1993.[9][10] In the following season, in a game also knownШаблон:By whom for its 45 m "German Goal of the Year" by Schuster (a goal which was later also named "Goal of the Decade"), Bayer played Eintracht Frankfurt early in the season, and, as both a "tip of the hat" to its own history as well as an attempt to perhapsШаблон:According to whom upset the Frankfurt team, Bayer played in its new third colours, which were old-fashioned red and black stripes, similar jerseys to those Frankfurt generallyШаблон:Vague wore at the time.Шаблон:Cn This proved so popular with the fans that, very shortly thereafter,Шаблон:Vague the team reverted to its "retro" colours of red and black, colours used on all home jerseys ever since. Шаблон:Commons
After a near disasterШаблон:Tone inline in 1996 when the club faced a reglegation battle, Bayer Leverkusen established itself as a powerfulШаблон:Tone inline side, offering a technically pleasingШаблон:According to whom offensive style of play under new coach Christoph Daum, who was also helped by the signing of players such as Lúcio, Emerson, Zé Roberto and Michael Ballack. Daum was later to be famouslyШаблон:According to whom fired for a cocaine scandal that also cost him his ascent to the role of the Germany national team coach.Шаблон:Vague[11][12]
The Nearly Men
The team earned a series of four-second-place finishes from 1997 to 2002. The finishes of 2000 and 2002 were heart-breakingШаблон:Tone inline for supporters, as on both occasions the team had the Bundesliga title within its grasp.Шаблон:Tone inline In 2000, Bayer Leverkusen needed only a draw against SpVgg Unterhaching to win the title, but an own goal by Michael Ballack helped send the team to a crushingШаблон:According to whom 2–0 defeat, while Bayern Munich won the title with a 3–1 victory over Werder Bremen. Two years later, the club surrendered a five-point lead atop the league table by losing two of its last three matches, while Borussia Dortmund swept aheadШаблон:Tone inline with three consecutive victories in its final matches. The 2002 season has been dubbedШаблон:By whom the "Treble Horror", as Bayer Leverkusen were also beaten 4–2 in the DFB-Pokal final by Schalke 04 and lost the UEFA Champions League final 2–1 to Real Madrid, which also led to some of the English-language media dubbing them "Neverkusen".[13][14][15] Leverkusen was the first team to reach the final of the Champions League without ever having won a national championship.[16] In addition, five members of the Bayer Leverkusen team were also members of the Germany national team which lost the final of the World Cup of 2002.
Recent years
The club went through startlingШаблон:Vague reversals of fortune in the next two seasons.Шаблон:Cn In the 2002 off-season, the team lostШаблон:Vague influentialШаблон:According to whom midfield starsШаблон:Tone inline Michael Ballack and Zé Roberto to archrivals Bayern Munich.Шаблон:Cn The team then flirtedШаблон:Tone inline with relegation through most of the 2002–03 season, leading to the firing of Klaus Toppmöller, who had coached the team during its most successful year, and he was replaced by the inexperenced Thomas Hörster.Шаблон:Cn CharismaticШаблон:According to whom coach Klaus Augenthaler took up the reinsШаблон:Tone inline in the last two games of the season and helped avoid disasterШаблон:Tone inline with a win over his previous club, 1. FC Nürnberg.Шаблон:Cn He then led Bayer Leverkusen to a third-place finish and a Champions League place the following year.
That following season's run in the Champions League saw the club get some measureШаблон:Vague of revengeШаблон:Tone inline on Real Madrid, opening its group stage campaign with a 3–0 routШаблон:Tone inline of the Spanish giants,Шаблон:Tone inline[17] a result whic helped Leverkusen to win the group.[18] Leverkusen, however, was defeated in the first knockout round by eventual champions Liverpool.[19][20] The club finished sixth during the 2004–05 season to qualify for the next season's UEFA Cup.
Early in 2005, Augenthaler was fired as manager after the club got offШаблон:Tone inline to its worst Bundesliga start in over 20 years, with only one win in its first four league matches and a 0–1 home loss to CSKA Sofia in the first leg of its UEFA Cup match-up.[21] Former Germany national team manager Rudi Völler, who had been named sporting director prior to the season, took charge of five matches as caretaker manager.Шаблон:Vague[22][23] Michael Skibbe, who was Völler's assistant coach with the national team, was named as his successor in October 2005.[23] Skibbe turned Leverkusen's season around,Шаблон:Tone inlineШаблон:Vague and guided the club to a sixth-place finish in 2006, earning another UEFA Cup place, and then repeated that feat with a fifth place Bundesliga finish in 2007.[23]
The 2007–08 season was not a successful one for Leverkusen despite a good start to the season; five out of the last ten league matches were lost to clubs in the lower half of the table.Шаблон:Cn Michael Skibbe was heavily criticisedШаблон:By whom towards the end of the season after he continuously changed his starting line up.Шаблон:Cn Bayer Leverkusen also lost a lotШаблон:Quantify of its support towards the end of the season: in the 1–2 home loss against Hertha BSC, the Leverkusen fans caused much commotion, with fans chanting for the sacking of Skibbe, while some Ultras, who had seen enough,Шаблон:Vague set fire to their jerseys and threw them onto the field. Michael Skibbe was sacked soon thereafter, leaving the club on 21 May 2008, with club officials stating that his departure was due to the team not qualifying for the following season's UEFA Cup group stage.[24]
The 2008–09 season got off to a great startШаблон:According to whom for Bayer Leverkusen under new manager Bruno Labbadia, who the club had acquired from 2. Bundesliga club SpVgg Greuther Fürth.[25] As the season progressed, however, the team secured no wins against topШаблон:Vague clubs in the Bundesliga. However, Leverkusen reached the DFB-Pokal final on 30 May 2009 in Berlin, but lost the game 0–1 to Werder Bremen.[23][26] Leverkusen finished the season in ninth place in the Bundesliga table and Labbadia moved to Hamburger SV in June 2009.Шаблон:Vague[27] Shortly thereafter,Шаблон:When Leverkusen presented Jupp Heynckes, who had previously managed Bayern Munich after Jürgen Klinsmann's departure, as its new manager.[28] In the 2010–11 season, Bayer Leverkusen finished as runner-up, thus qualifiying for the Champions League for the first time since 2005. However, Heynckes decided not to extend his contract and left Bayer Leverkusen in the 2011 close season to take over at Bayern Munich for a third time.[29] In the 2012–13 and 2015–16 seasons, Leverkusen finished third with coach Sami Hyypiä and Roger Schmidt respectively, but were knocked out in the round of 16 of the Champions League the following season both times. In the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League, Leverkusen reached the quarter-finals for the first time since 2008,[30] but were ultimatelyШаблон:Vague knocked out by Inter Milan in a 2–1 loss.
During the 2023–24 season, Bayer 04 Leverkusen have experienced a remarkable transformation under the guidance of head coach Xabi Alonso[31]. Appointed in October 2022,[32] Alonso's tenure saw the team achieve significant milestones both domestically and in European competitions. By early 2024, Leverkusen have set a new club record for the longest unbeaten start to a season.[33]
Alonso's strategic signings and effective squad building has played a critical role. Notable additions included Switzerland captain Granit Xhaka, Jonas Hofmann, Alejandro Grimaldo, and Victor Boniface, who collectively enhanced the team's depth and versatility.[34]
Club culture
In contrast to many other German football clubs, which hold close ties to their working-class roots, Bayer Leverkusen strives for a clean, family-friendly image.[35] The BayArena has the reputation of being one of the most family-friendly football stadiums in Germany.[35] Ironically,Шаблон:According to whom Bayer 04 was the first Bundesliga club whose fans idientified themselves as Ultras and the city of Leverkusen is one of the old industrial cities of Germany.[36]
Bayer Leverkusen is percieved by someШаблон:By whom to have an ongoing image problem of a different sort.Шаблон:Vague[37] Although they are a finanicially healthy club with a stable of strong players,Шаблон:Tone inline many fans of the traditional clubs denounceШаблон:Tone inline Bayer Leverkusen as being a "plastic club" without traditions or a committed fan base, exisiting solely as a creation of their rich pharmaceutitical company sponsor – Bayer AG.[38][39] As a result, the club and their fans have started to empahasize their indusitrial origins with pride, calling themselves "Werkself" (Eng. "Factory team", "Millhanders") or "Pillendreher" (Eng. "Tablet twisters").[40][41]
Bayer Leverkusen's coroporate origins, however, are far from unique. Other clubs, including PSV, Carl Zeiss Jena and Sochaux, share a similiar reputation of being works teams.[42][43] As disitinguished from the various Red Bull teams (Salzburg, New York and Leipzig) which has been estabilished or redefined in the recent pastШаблон:When primiarily for commericial reasons, the formation of Bayer Leverkusen was motivated by the idea of promoting the living conditons of local factory workers early in the 20th century. In view of this traditon, UEFA allows Bayer Leverkusen to use the brand name Bayer in European club competitons while disallowing such naming practices most notabily to Red Bull Salzburg.[44]
Charity
In March 2020, Bayer Leverkusen, Borussia Dortmund, Bayern Munich, and RB Leipzig, the four German UEFA Champions League teams for the 2019–20 season, collectivly gave €20 million to Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga teams that were struggling financally during the COVID-19 pandemic.[45]
Honours
Domestic
League
Cup
European
Youth
- German Under 17 Championship
- Winners: 1992, 2016Шаблон:Cn
- Under 19 Bundesliga West
- Winners: 2007, 2010Шаблон:Cn
In Europe
Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Updated Шаблон:More citations needed section
| Competition | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UEFA Champions League | ||||||||
| UEFA Europa League | ||||||||
| UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | ||||||||
| Total |
Players
Squad
Шаблон:Fs start Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs mid Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs end
Players out on loan
Шаблон:Fs start Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs mid Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs player Шаблон:Fs end
Past players
Records
Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-break
| Rank | Nat. | Player | Period | Apps |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsRüdiger Vollborn | 1982–1999 | 483 |
| 2 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsUlf Kirsten | 1990–2003 | 448 |
| 3 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsThomas Hörster | 1977–1991 | 447 |
| 4 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsStefan Kießling | Шаблон:Nowrap | 444 |
| 5 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsCarsten Ramelow | 1996–2008 | 437 |
| 6 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsSimon Rolfes | 2005–2015 | 377 |
| 7 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsGonzalo Castro | 2005–2015 | 370 |
| 8 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsBernd Schneider | 1999–2009 | 366 |
| 9 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsLars Bender | 2009–2021 | 341 |
| 10 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsJürgen Gelsdorf | 1976–1986 | 310 |
| Rank | Nat. | Player | Period | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsUlf Kirsten | Шаблон:Nowrap | 240 |
| 2 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsStefan Kießling | 2006–2018 | 162 |
| 3 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsDimitar Berbatov | 2001–2006 | 91 |
| 4 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsHerbert Waas | 1982–1990 | 74 |
| 5 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsChristian Schreier | 1984–1991 | 68 |
| 6 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsCha Bum-Kun | 1983–1989 | 63 |
| 7 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsPaulo Sérgio | 1993–1997 | 61 |
| 8 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsLucas Alario | 2017–2022 | 58 |
| 9 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsKarim Bellarabi | 2011–2023 | 57 |
| 10 | Шаблон:Flagicon | Шаблон:HsKevin Volland | 2016–2020 | 50 |
Coaching staff
| Position | Staff |
|---|---|
| Head coach | Шаблон:Flagicon Xabi Alonso |
| Assistant coach | Шаблон:Flagicon Sebastián Parrilla Шаблон:Flagicon Alberto Encinas |
| Goalkeeper coach | Шаблон:Flagicon David Thiel |
| Fitness coach | Шаблон:Flagicon Markus Müller Шаблон:Flagicon Schahriar Bigdeli Шаблон:Flagicon Daniel Jouvin |
| Analysis | Шаблон:Flagicon Marcel Daum |
| Analyst first-team squad | Шаблон:Flagicon Simon Lackmann |
| Head of sports science and Athletics | Шаблон:Flagicon Malte Krüger |
| Licence Coordination | Шаблон:Flagicon Stefan Kießling |
| Team Doctor | Шаблон:Flagicon Karl-Heinrich Dittmar Шаблон:Flagicon Burak Yildirim Шаблон:Flagicon Philipp Ehrenstein |
| Physiotherapist | Шаблон:Flagicon Fritz Gard Шаблон:Flagicon Florian Kroder Шаблон:Flagicon Ill-Han Yu Шаблон:Flagicon Manuel Schardt Шаблон:Flagicon Tobias Schäuble |
| Support Staff | Шаблон:Flagicon Martin Kowatzki Шаблон:Flagicon Christian Becker Шаблон:Flagicon Markus Irmer |
| Team Manager | Шаблон:Flagicon Hans-Peter Lehnhoff |
Coaching history
Women's section
See also
- TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen (handball)
- Bayer Giants Leverkusen (basketball)
- KFC Uerdingen 05
- Works team
- The Football Club Social Alliance
References
External links
- Шаблон:Official website Шаблон:In lang
- Bayer 04 Leverkusen at Bundesliga
- Bayer 04 Leverkusen at UEFA
- Leverkusen statistics Шаблон:Webarchive
- Bayer Leverkusen formations at football-lineupsШаблон:Dead link
Шаблон:Bayer 04 Leverkusen Шаблон:UEFA Europa League winners Шаблон:Bundesliga Шаблон:2. Bundesliga Шаблон:U19 Bundesliga West Шаблон:U17 Bundesliga West Шаблон:G-14 Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBayArenaне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 23,3 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 35,0 35,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 46,0 46,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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