Английская Википедия:Bayt Nabala

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Bayt Nabala or Beit Nabala was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict in Palestine that was destroyed during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The village was in the territory allotted to the Arab state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan. Its population in 1945, before the war, was 2,310.

It was occupied by Israeli forces on 13 May 1948[1] and was completely destroyed by them on 13 September 1948.[2] Village refugees were scattered around Deir 'Ammar, Ramallah city, Bayt Tillow, Rantis, and Jalazone refugee camps north of Ramallah. Some of the clans that lived in Bayt Nabala include the AlHeet, Nakhleh, Safi, AL-Sharaqa, al-Khateeb, Saleh and Zaid families. Today the area is part of the Israeli town of Beit Nehemia.

History

Файл:PEF map - BEIT NABALA.jpg
Map of the Bayt Nabala area in the 1880s

Bayt Nabala may be identified with the ancient Beth Nabala/Nablata.[3]

Ottoman period

Файл:Ottoman Defter of Liwa of al-Quds - Bayt Nabala Tax Record.jpg
An Ottoman tax record of Bayt Nabala (written as بيت نباله) detailing that the village pays 500 akçe in taxes annually

In 1526 Bayt Nabala was part of the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Ramla under the Liwa of al-Quds. According to Ottoman tax records, the village paid 500 akçe annually.[4] In the 1596 tax record, Bayt Nabala was categorized under the Liwa of Gaza, with a population of 54 Muslim households, an estimated 297 people. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, olives, fruit, as well as on goats, beehives and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 8,688 akçe.[5]

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, according to historian Roy Marom "Bayt Nabālā was a major hub for the Qays and Yaman conflicts in the area." Bayt Nabala's first residents were the Qaysi "al-Sharāqa" clan. Local tradition holds that a Yamani immigrant called Salām came and camped in the caves near Bayt Nabālā.

When a conflict broke out between Bayt Nabālā and al-Ḥadītha, Salām took advantage of the plight of the residents of Bayt Nabālā to gain control over them, and his three “sons” – Zayd, Nakhla and Ṣāfī – settled in the village. Relations between the clans were strained, and riots broke out between them. A Qaysī leader, named ‘Ābid, from the old al-Sharāqa clan, led his forces and allies, from Jayyūs and Dayr Abū Mash‘al, against the supporters of the Yaman in Qibyā and Dayr Ṭarīf. With the support of the powerful and influential Yamanī families – al-Khawāja from Ni‘līn and the Abu Ghosh family – Ṣāfī succeeded in persuading the authorities to arrest ‘Ābid and eliminate him. Ṣāfī then extended his control over Dayr Ṭarīf, al-Ṭīra, Qūla, Fajja and Mulabbis.[6]

In 1838 Edward Robinson noted Bayt Nabala from the tower in Ramle.[7]

In 1870 Victor Guérin visited and found the village to have about 900 inhabitants.[8] Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about the same year that Bayt Nabala had 108 houses and a population of 427, though the population count included men, only.[9] Hartmann found that Bet Nebala had 118 houses.[10]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Bayt Nabala as being of moderate size, situated at the edge of a plain.[11]

British Mandate era

Файл:Naballa131.jpg
From the graveyard at Bayt Nabala

The school was founded in 1921 and had about 230 students in 1946–47.[12]

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Nabala had a population of 1,324 inhabitants; 1,321 Muslims and 3 Christians,[13] increasing in the 1931 census to 1758, all Muslims, in a total of 471 houses.[14]

In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 2,310 Muslims,[15] while the total land area was 15,051 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[16] A total of 226 dunums of village land was used for citrus and bananas, 10,197 dunums were used for cereals, 1,733 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,[17][18] while 123 dunams were classified as built-up public areas.[19]

1948 war and aftermath

Benny Morris writes that the village residents abandoned it on Arab orders on 13 May 1948 (please fix the top paragraph to reflect consistency). However, according to Walid Khalidi, this cannot be confirmed.[17]

Файл:Bayt Nabala Cemetery.jpg
The cemetery of Bayt Nabala as it appeared in July 2019

The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the village site in 1992: "The site is overgrown with grass, thorny bushes, and cypress and fig trees. It lies on the east side of the settlement of Beyt Nechemya, due east of the road from the Lod (Lydda) airport. On its fringes are the remains of quarries and crumbled houses. Sections of walls from the houses still stand. The surrounding land is cultivated by the Israeli settlements."[17]

Culture

According to the Palestinian Heritage Foundation, Beit Nabala dresses (together with those of the village of Dayr Tarif), "were usually done on cotton, velvet or kermezot silk fabric. Taffeta inserts embroidered in Bethlehem style couching-stitch in gold and silk cord were attached to the yoke, chest panel, sleeves and skirt. In the 1930s black velvet material became popular, and dresses were embroidered in couching straight on the fabric with brown or orange couching embroidery which later became famous for this area."[20]

See also

References

Notes

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Bibliography

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External links

Шаблон:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War

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  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Morris222 не указан текст
  2. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 354.
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 153, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p. 30
  8. ↑ Guérin, 1875, pp. 67 ff, 70
  9. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 147
  10. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 138
  11. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 296, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p.365
  12. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
  13. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p.22
  14. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 18.
  15. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок 1945p29 не указан текст
  16. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Hadawip66 не указан текст
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 Khalidi, 1992, p. 366
  18. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 114
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 164
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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