Английская Википедия:Bean-nighe

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Шаблон:Short description

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The Шаблон:Lang (Scottish Gaelic for 'washerwoman' or 'laundress'; Шаблон:IPA-gd) is a female spirit in Scottish folklore, regarded as an omen of death and a messenger from the Otherworld. She is a type of Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang-ga, anglicized as "banshee") that haunts desolate streams and washes the clothing of those who are about to die. Шаблон:Lang is the French word under which these "night washerwomen" are perhaps best known. She is also called Шаблон:Lang, 'the little washer', Шаблон:Lang, 'little washer of the ford', or Шаблон:Lang, 'little washer of the sorrow'.

Legends

The Шаблон:Lang, also known as the Washing Woman or Washer at the Ford, is seen in lonely places beside a stream or pool, washing the blood from the linen and grave-clothes of those who are about to die. Her characteristics vary depending on the locality, and differing traditions ascribe to her the powers of imparting knowledge or the granting of wishes if she is approached with caution. It is said that Шаблон:Lang (the plural of Шаблон:Lang) are the spirits of women who died giving birth and are doomed to perform their tasks until the day their lives would have normally ended.[1] It was also believed that this fate could be avoided if all the clothing left by the deceased woman had been washed. Otherwise, she would have to finish this task after death.[2][3]

On the Isles of Mull and Tiree she was said to have unusually long breasts that interfere with her washing so she throws them over her shoulders and lets them hang down her back. Those who see her must not turn away, but quietly approach from behind so that she is not aware. He should then take hold of one of her breasts, put it in his mouth, and claim to be her foster-child (see Milk kinship). She will then impart to him whatever knowledge he desires. If she says the clothing she is washing belongs to an enemy, then he can allow the washing to continue, but if it belongs to himself or any of his friends, then he can stop her from completing her task and avoid his fate.[3]

On the Isle of Skye the bean-nighe was said to have a squat figure resembling a "small pitiful child". If a person catches her she will reveal to him his ultimate fate. She answers all his questions but he must also truthfully answer hers in return. If however the bean-nighe sees him first then he will lose the use of his limbs.[3]

In Perthshire she was described as small and rotund and dressed in green, and can be caught by getting between her and the stream.[3]

The Шаблон:Lang is sometimes said to sing a mournful dirge as she washes the clothing of someone who is about to meet a sudden death by violence. She is often so absorbed in her washing and singing that she can sometimes be captured. If a person can seize hold of her after a stealthy approach, then she will reveal who is about to die and will also grant three wishes.[4] Hence, when a man would be successful in his work of some phase of his life the people would often say "Mary! The man got the better of the Шаблон:Lang, and she gave him his three choose desires". She is sometimes described as having various physical defects, including having only one nostril; a large, protruding front tooth; or red webbed feet.[5]

One popular Highland story connected with the washing of death shrouds regards the so-called "Mermaid of Loch Slin". A maiden from Cromarty was walking along a path by the side of this loch one Sabbath morning, and after turning a corner she saw a tall woman standing in the water "knocking Шаблон:Lang" (clothes) on a stone with a bludgeon. On a nearby bleaching-green, she observed more than thirty smocks and shirts, all smeared with blood. Shortly following the appearance of this figure, the roof of Fearn Abbey collapsed during worship service, burying the congregation in debris and killing thirty-six people.[6] Historically, the abbey roof did collapse in 1742, with the death toll reckoned at nearly fifty.[7]

One folktale collected by Alexander Carmichael in the Carmina Gadelica, Vol. II, runs as follows:

Шаблон:Blockquote

Etymology

A Шаблон:Lang ('washerwoman') is a specific type of Шаблон:Lang.[8]

Both the Irish Шаблон:Lang and the Scottish Gaelic Шаблон:Lang (both meaning 'woman of the Шаблон:Lang', 'fairy woman' or 'woman of peace') are derived from the Old Irish Шаблон:Lang, 'fairy woman': Шаблон:Lang: 'woman', and Шаблон:Lang: the genitive of 'fairy'.

In Scottish Gaelic, Шаблон:Lang also occurs as Шаблон:Lang. Both are correct.

Шаблон:Lang in Scottish Gaelic (Шаблон:Lang in Old Irish, also means 'peace'), and the fairies are referred to as the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Lang-ga), the 'people of peace'. Шаблон:Lang, in its variant spellings, refers to the Шаблон:Lang (mounds) where these beings dwell.

The Шаблон:Lang is sometimes known by the diminutives Шаблон:Lang ('little washerwoman') or Шаблон:Lang ('little washer at the ford').

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Scottish mythology Шаблон:Fairies

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Briggs, Katharine (1976). An Encyclopedia of Fairies. Pantheon Books. pp. 19–20. Шаблон:ISBN.
  2. ↑ Briggs (1976). p. 15.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Campbell, John Gregorson (1900). Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons. pp. 42–44.
  4. ↑ Mackenzie, Donald (1935). Scottish Folklore and Folk Life. Blackie & Son Limited. p. 239.
  5. ↑ Briggs (1976). pp. 16, 19.
  6. ↑ MacGregor, Alasdair Alpin (1937). The Peat-Fire Flame: Folktales and Traditions of the Highlands and Islands. The Moray Press. p. 298.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Campbell, John Gregorson (1900, 1902, 2005) The Gaelic Otherworld. Edited by Ronald Black. Edinburgh, Birlinn Ltd. Шаблон:ISBN p.311: "A Шаблон:Lang is any otherworld woman; the Шаблон:Lang is a specific otherworld woman."
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