Английская Википедия:Becky Buhay
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Canadian EnglishШаблон:Use mdy datesШаблон:Infobox person Rebecca Buhay (February 11, 1896Шаблон:Spaced en dashDecember 16, 1953), known as Becky Buhay,Шаблон:Efn was a Canadian labour activist and union organizer. She was a leader of the Communist Party of Canada (CPC), among many other left-wing organizations.
Early life (1896–1917)
Buhay's family were originally from London's East End.Шаблон:Sfn Evidently, she came from a family of leftists: she attended socialist Sunday school as a child, joined the Independent Labour Party with her brother when both were children, and studied Marx in her early years.Шаблон:Sfn
Buhay's family came to Canada from England in 1912[1] or 1913,Шаблон:Sfn and settled in Montreal.Шаблон:Sfn In Montreal, Buhay worked at Rice Studios,Шаблон:Sfn a photography firm which later gained local fame for the hockey photography of James Rice, its proprietor.[2]
The first leftist organization Buhay joined in Montreal was the Socialist Party of Canada, but she left when it became clear to her that the Party was more interested in ideological debates than political action.Шаблон:Sfn Thereafter, she joined the Social Democratic Party of Canada.Шаблон:Sfn
Buhay was Jewish,[3][4]Шаблон:Sfn although Toews describes her connections to the Jewish community as "quite tenuous".Шаблон:Sfn
New York (1917–19)
From 1917 to 1919, Buhay joined the Amalgamated Clothing Workers in New York City as an organizer and was secretary of the Socialist Party of America.Шаблон:Sfn She is sometimes held to have attended at the Rand School of Social Science, a New York socialist educational institution, but this is disputed.[1]Шаблон:Sfn In any event, however, Buhay soon left New York—the late 1910s were the height of the First Red Scare and, as an associate of various radical organizations, she risked arrest.Шаблон:Sfn
Upon her return to Montreal in 1919, in the wake of the Winnipeg general strike, Buhay served as an official of the One Big Union. She was elected an organizer at the Montreal local's first meeting, and later served as vice president.Шаблон:Sfn
Communist Party of Canada
Шаблон:Main While the Communist Party of Canada (CPC) became a marginal force in Canadian politics by mid-century, in the 1920s and 1930s it exerted a significant influence in domains such as "workers' rights, freedom of speech, and social welfare programs".Шаблон:Sfn Reiter has described Buhay as, along with Annie Buller, one of the "most prominent Communists in the late 1920s and 1930s".[3] Toews notes that Buhay and Buller played quite varied roles in the CPC: "[t]hey travelled anywhere that the Party needed them, working as educators, union organizers, fund-raisers, administrators, leadership committee members, lecturers, and writers".Шаблон:Sfn
Buhay joined the CPC—or, rather, the Workers Party of Canada, essentially a CPC faction—in 1922,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn soon after it was founded in 1921.Шаблон:Sfn She had a "leadership position[]" in the Communist Party of Canada in the 1920s–30s,Шаблон:Sfn and was one of only three women (the others being Florence Custance and Annie Buller) to serve on the Central Committee of the CPC during that period.Шаблон:Sfn
In the early 1920s, Buhay—along with Buller and several others—helped to found the Montreal Labour College, an institution similar to the Rand School which provided socialist education from a campus at 70 Jeanne Mance Street in Montreal's Ville-Marie neighbourhood.[5]Шаблон:Sfn
Buhay was active in The Worker, the CPC's official organ. She wrote numerous articles and sold subscriptions.Шаблон:Sfn In 1923, while on one of two trips she took across the nation for The Worker, Buhay organized a protest by the wives of coal miners on strike in Edmonton.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1929, Buhay was arrested for vagrancy in downtown Toronto (at Queen and Soho) during a free speech demonstration. (Her conviction was later quashed.)[6] The demonstration was one episode in a larger free speech movement by Communists in the late 1920s, particularly in Toronto, in the wake of Section 98's ban of sedition.[7]Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Continuing the fight against Section 98, Buhay organized a rally—originally to be a debate against Raymond Morand, a member of the Bennett government, but Morand did not accept his invitation—against the measure in the early 1930s.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1930, Buhay became the head of the CPC's Women's Department, in which capacity she led a Party trip to the Soviet Union.Шаблон:Sfn[8]
In the early 1930s, Buhay, along with a number of other CPC activists, was surveilled by the RCMP.[9]
On July 16, 1931, Buhay married Tom Ewen, described as a fellow member of the CPC's "elite", in Buffalo.Шаблон:Sfn The marriage was short-lived: they divorced within five years.Шаблон:Sfn
Organizing in the "needle trades"
The Canadian garment industry saw some of the country's heaviest union activity in the 1930s.[10] During that period, Buhay served as a leader of the Industrial Union of Needle Trades Workers.[10] In 1931, she argued in The Worker that the CPC was not devoting sufficient resources to organizing women in the garment industry.[11]
Notes
Bibliography
- Английская Википедия
- 1896 births
- 1953 deaths
- Canadian women trade unionists
- Members of the Communist Party of Canada
- Jewish Canadian activists
- One Big Union (Canada) members
- British emigrants to Canada
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