Английская Википедия:Beit Lahia

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Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (Шаблон:Lang-ar) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.[1] As of January 2024, the city is under IDF control.[2]

Geography

The word "Lahia" is Syriac and means "desert" or "fatigue". It is surrounded by sand dunes, some of which rise to Шаблон:Convert above sea level. The area is renowned for its many large sycamore fig trees. The city is known for its fresh, sweet water,Шаблон:Clarify berries and citrus trees.[3] According to Edward Henry Palmer, "Lahia" was from "Lahi", a personal name.[4]

History

Roman period

Beit Lahia has an ancient hill and nearby lay abandoned village ruins.[3] The town has been identified as the Bethelia and had originally a pagan temple.[5][6] According to the historian Sozomen, whose family had lived in the town for several generation, the townspeople started converting due to the hermit Hilarion who is attributed to have healed miraculously a citizen called Alaphion.[7] An eremitic center was founded around the year 360 in the village, housing around four anchorites who were disciples of Hilarion.[5] Ceramics from the Byzantine period have been found.[8]

Early Islamic period

A mihrab, or mosque alcove indicating the direction of salaah (prayer), is all that remains of an ancient mosque to the west of Beit Lahia dating to the end of the Fatimid period and beginning of the Ayyubid Dynasty of Saladin, and two other mosques dating to the Ottoman period.[3] Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229) described "Bait Lihya" as being located "near Ghazzah", and he further noted that "it is a village with many fruit-trees".[9]

Mamluk period

A marble slab, deposited in the maqam of Salim Abu Musallam in Beit Lahia is inscribed in late Mamluk naskhi letters. It is an epitaph over four sons of the Governor of Gaza, Aqbay al-Ashrafi, who all died in the month of Rajab 897 (=29 April-9 May 1492 CE). It is assumed that the children died of the plague, described by Mujir al-Din, which ravaged Palestine in 1491–2.[10]

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Lahia appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 70 Muslim households and paid a fix tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives.[11]

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Beit Lahia experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to nomadic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.[12]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Beit Lehia as a Muslim village, located in the Gaza district.[13]

In May 1863 Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it as "peopled by 250 inhabitants, it occupies an oblong valley, well cultivated, and surrounded by high sand-dunes, which cause a great heat. It is a little oasis, incessantly menaced by moving sand-hills, which surround it on every side, and would engulf it were it not for the continued struggle of man to arrest their progress".[14] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Lahia had a population of 394, with a total of 118 houses, though the population count included men only.[15][16]

In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village with fine gardens and groves of large and ancient olives in the middle of the sand. It has a well to the south [..] There is a small mosque in the village."[6]

Mandatory Palestine

Файл:Beit Lahia 1931.jpg
Beit Lahia 1931 1:20,000
Файл:Beit Hanoun 1945.jpg
Beit Lahia 1945 1:250,000

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Lahia had a population of 871 inhabitants, all Muslims,[17] increasing by the 1931 census to 1,133, still all Muslim, in 223 houses.[18]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lahiya consisted of 1,700 Muslims[19] and the land area was 38,376 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[20] Of this, 134 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 1,765 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,185 for cereals,[21] while 18 dunams were built-up areas.[22]

Post-1948

Шаблон:See also On 4 January 2005 seven civilian residents of Beit Lahia, including six members of the same family, were killed, with the incident blamed on shelling by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) of the agricultural area where they were working.Шаблон:Citation needed On 9 June 2006, eight civilians were killed by IDF shells, while picnicking on the northern Gazan beach in Beit Lahia. The dead included seven members of the Ali Ghaliya family.[23] The IDF disputed they were responsible.[24] The town is a frequent target of airstrikes by Israel and has been a battlefield between Israel and Hamas.Шаблон:WhenШаблон:Citation needed The Ibrahim al-Maqadna mosque was hit by Israeli missiles in 2009, resulting in 13 deaths.

Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque missile strike occurred on 3 January 2009 as part of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza War when an Israeli missile hit the Ibrahim al-Maqadna mosque in the Gaza strip during the evening prayers.[25] Witnesses said over 200 Palestinians were praying inside at the time.[26][27] At least 14 people, including six children, were killed, and many more than 60 wounded.[27] In December of 2023, the Israel Defense Forces took control of the city during the invasion of the Gaza Strip.[28][29]

Demography

Some of Beit Lahia's residents trace their origins to Egypt, while others are Bedouins who migrated from the Mount Hebron area.[30]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

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External links

Шаблон:Cities in the Gaza Strip Шаблон:North Gaza Governorate Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок PrelimCensus2017 не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Beit Lahaia Шаблон:Webarchive Municipality of Gaza.
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Palmer381 не указан текст
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 233-234
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 881
  9. ↑ le Strange, 1890, p. 414
  10. ↑ Sharon, 1999, pp. 149-151
  11. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 144
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 118
  14. ↑ Guérin, 1869, p. 176, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 234
  15. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 146
  16. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 129 also noted 118 houses
  17. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8
  18. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 2
  19. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31
  20. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45
  21. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86
  22. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136
  23. ↑ The Guardian: Death on the beach: seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic, 10 June 2006
  24. ↑ Haaretz: IDF probe: Gaza beach blast not caused by wayward army shell
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 Israeli troops enter Gaza Strip BBC News. 3 January 2009
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 385
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