Английская Википедия:Belarusian alphabet
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Main Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Infobox Writing system
The Belarusian alphabet is based on the Cyrillic script and is derived from the alphabet of Old Church Slavonic. It has existed in its modern form since 1918 and has 32 letters. See also Belarusian Latin alphabet and Belarusian Arabic alphabet.
Letters
Details
Officially, the Шаблон:Angbr represents both Шаблон:IPAslink and Шаблон:IPAslink, but the latter occurs only in borrowings and mimesis. The Шаблон:Angbr is used by some for the latter sound but, with the exception of Taraškievica, has not been standard.
A Шаблон:Angbr followed by Шаблон:Angbr or Шаблон:Angbr may denote either two distinct respective sounds (in some prefix-root combinations: пад-земны, ад-жыць) or the Belarusian affricates Шаблон:Angbr and Шаблон:Angbr (for example, падзея, джала). In some representations of the alphabet, the affricates are included in parentheses after the letter Шаблон:Angbr to emphasize their special status: Шаблон:Angbr.
Шаблон:Angbr is not a distinct phoneme but the neutralization of /v/ and /l/ when there is no following vowel, like before a consonant or at the end of a word.
Palatalization of consonants is usually indicated through choice of vowel letter, as illustrated here with Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA, both written with the letter Шаблон:Angbr:
palatalization Шаблон:IPA Шаблон:IPA final п пь before Шаблон:IPA па пя before Шаблон:IPA пэ пе before Шаблон:IPA пы пі before Шаблон:IPA по пё before Шаблон:IPA пу пю
When a consonant is not palatalized and precedes Шаблон:IPA, the apostrophe Шаблон:Angbr is used to separate the iotated vowel: Шаблон:Angbr Шаблон:IPA. (Шаблон:Angbr is the palatalizing version of Шаблон:Angbr, and arguably, they represent a single phoneme). The apostrophe is not considered a letter and so is not taken into account for alphabetical order. In pre-Second World War printing, the form Шаблон:Angbr was used. When computers are used, the form is frequently substituted by Шаблон:Angbr.
History
The medieval Cyrillic alphabet had 43 letters. Later, 15 letters were dropped, the last 4 after the introduction of the first official Belarusian grammar in 1918. Since four new letters were added, there are now 32 letters.
The new letters were:
- The Шаблон:Angbr ((CYRILLIC) EH) appeared in Belarusian texts in about the late-15th century.
- The Шаблон:Angbr ((CYRILLIC) SHORT I) evolved from Шаблон:Angbr ((CYRILLIC) I), combined with a diacritical sign by the end of the 16th century.
- The Шаблон:Angbr ((CYRILLIC) IO) came from the Russian alphabet and introduced by Nikolay Karamzin in 1797.
- The Шаблон:Angbr ((CYRILLIC) SHORT U) was proposed by Russian linguist Pyotr Bezsonov in 1870.
The Belarusian alphabet, in its modern form, has formally existed since the adoption of Branislaw Tarashkyevich's Belarusian grammar, for use in Soviet schools, in 1918 Шаблон:Citation needed Several slightly different versions had been used informally. Шаблон:Citation needed
In the 1920s and notably at the Belarusian Academical Conference (1926), miscellaneous changes of the Belarusian alphabet were proposed. Notable were replacing Шаблон:Angbr with Шаблон:Angbr ((CYRILLIC) JE), and/or replacing Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr with Шаблон:Angbr (or else with Шаблон:Angbr), Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr, respectively (as in the Serbian alphabet), replacing Шаблон:Angbr with Шаблон:Angbr, introducing Шаблон:Angbr (see also Ge with upturn; both proposed changes would match the Ukrainian alphabet) and/or introducing special graphemes/ligatures for affricates: Шаблон:Angbr, Шаблон:Angbr etc. Even the introduction of the Latin script was contemplated at one moment (as proposed by Zhylunovich at the Belarusian Academical Conference (1926)). Nothing came of it.
Noted Belarusian linguist Yan Stankyevich in his later works suggested a completely different form of the alphabet:
| Оо | Аа | Ээ | Бб | Ґґ | Гг | Хх |
| Дд | Ее | Ёё | Яя | ДЗдз | ДЖдж | Зз |
| Жж | Іі | Йй | Кк | Лл | Мм | Нн |
| Пп | Рр | Сс | Шш | Тт | Вв | Уу |
| Ўў | Фф | Ьь | Цц | Чч | Ыы | Юю |
Note that proper names and place names are rendered in BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian.
Keyboard layout
Шаблон:See also The standard Belarusian keyboard layout for personal computers is as follows:
See also
References
- Да рэформы беларускай азбукі. // Працы акадэмічнае канферэнцыі па рэформе беларускага правапісу і азбукі. – Мн. : [б. м.], 1927.
- Ян Станкевіч. Які мае быць парадак літараў беларускае абэцады [1962] // Ян Станкевіч. Збор твораў у двух тамах. Т. 2. – Мн.: Энцыклапедыкс, 2002. Шаблон:ISBN
- Б. Тарашкевіч. Беларуская граматыка для школ. – Вільня : Беларуская друкарня ім. Фр. Скарыны, 1929 ; Мн. : <Народная асвета>, 1991 [факсімільн.]. – Выданьне пятае пераробленае і пашыранае.
- Што трэба ведаць кожнаму беларусу. Выданне „Вольнае Беларусі“. – Менск : друк-ня А. Я. Грынблята, 1918 ; Менск : Беларускае коопэрацыйна-выдавецкае таварыства ″Адраджэньне″, 1991 [факсімільн.]. – Зборнік артыкулау розных аутарау: М. Міцкевіча, Я. Лёсіка, В. Ластоўскаго, М. Багдановіча, Пётр[?] з Арленят і інш.
External links
- Taraškievizer: Converts Belarusian text from official spelling (Narkamaŭka) to classical spelling (Taraškievica)
- Romanizer: Cyrillic to Latin script converter: Belarusian
- Introduction to Belarusian Alphabet
- Introduction to Belarusian Latin Script
- Belarusian language using Arabic script
- Letter Frequency in Belarusian and Russian
- Беларускі альфабэт
Шаблон:Languages of Belarus Шаблон:Slavic languages Шаблон:Language orthographies
