Английская Википедия:Bellaghy Bawn

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Шаблон:Infobox building Bellaghy Bawn is a fortified house and bawn in Bellaghy, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

Construction began in Шаблон:Circa under John Rowley. After Rowley's death in 1617, the bawn's construction was continued by Baptist Jones (died Шаблон:Circa). The original bawn burned down during the 1641 Irish Rebellion and was rebuilt in 1643. It has received extensions since. It became a museum in 1996.

Site

Bellaghy stands on basalt formed from Cretaceous-era olivine basalt lava.Шаблон:Sfnp Bellaghy Bawn was built where an Early Christian ringfort stood,Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp but it is unlikely those who built the bawn were aware of this.Шаблон:Sfnp

Architecture

Файл:Bellaghy Bawn.jpg

Bellaghy Bawn courtyard, June 2023

The original bawn was square-shaped, Шаблон:Convert in area,Шаблон:Sfnp with two large towers diagonally opposite one another with two-story blocks extended from each. It consisted of mostly red incorporated diatomite-clay brick and limestone,Шаблон:Sfnp with 3 ft stone footings.Шаблон:Sfnp

The modern-day bawn was constructed in the 18th century,Шаблон:Sfnp incorporating the original south-east flanker tower.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp In the south-west, there is a brick tower, however it is thought that said tower was only built as a replacement of a timber structure.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp The bawn is a B+-listed monument.

History

During the reign of King James VI and I, the Plantation of Ulster was the 17th-century colonisation of Ulster, the northern province in Ireland, by the English Crown. The plantation consisted of six official counties—Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Cavan and Armagh—and the two unplanted counties of Antrim and Down. County Londonderry was chartered by The Honourable The Irish Society, a consortium of London livery companies.Шаблон:Sfnp

Vintners Company

The Vintners Company settled the village of BellaghyШаблон:Refn during the early 1600s. John Rowley and Baptist Jones were given around 3,200 acres by the Vintners in the area.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Bellaghy Bawn began construction under Rowley Шаблон:Circa, however he died in 1617 and the construction was continued under Jones. Under Jones, the bawn was garrisoned by 76 men.Шаблон:Sfnp After Jones died indebted to the Vintners Шаблон:Circa, it was owned by Henry Conway, who married Jones's widow and inherited his debt,Шаблон:Sfnp which was over £300, Шаблон:Inflation.Шаблон:Inflation/fn It was originally called "Vintner's Hall".Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

The original bawn was destroyed during the 1641 Irish Rebellion,Шаблон:Sfnp before being rebuilt three years later by Sir John Clotworthy.Шаблон:Sfnp While Magherafelt was under attack during the rebellion by Cormac O'Hagan, leader of defence Robert Waringe requested arms and ammunition from Conway, who declined. The bawn would house the refugees after Magherafelt fell until it too fell.Шаблон:Sfnp Henry Conway, along with his family, fled Bellaghy after the town's destruction after arranging with rebel Sir Féilim Ruadh Ó Néill his safe escape. Where the Conways fled to is unknown.

In 1832, a dispensary was established at the building by the Vintners. It was usually staffed by one dispensary doctor and one surgeon, with the doctor receiving an annual salary of £45, Шаблон:Inflation.Шаблон:Inflation/fn Dr. George Thompson, from Coagh in County Tyrone, worked for the dispensary until 1925. He is reported to be the first person in Bellaghy to own a car, purchased in 1912. The dispensary closed in 1948 due to the establishment of the National Health Service.Шаблон:Sfnp

The bawn was occupied by residents until 1987 when it fell into state care.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp

Museum

Файл:The Turf Man, Bellaghy - geograph.org.uk - 2613561.jpg

The Turf Man by David Annand, September 2011

The bawn was converted into a historical museum and opened in 1996.Шаблон:Sfnp There is also a community and crafts centre about Seamus Heaney, which contains various poem manuscripts and a 20-minute film directed by David Hammond where Heaney describes how the local area influenced his poetry.Шаблон:Sfnp

On December 20, 2000, a curator at the centre reported manuscripts totalling £8,000 in value were stolen. Joseph Patrick Kelly (35), a former employee at the Bawn, was charged and pleaded guilty for the theft after the Bawn were made aware of an advertisement in a magazine where Kelly was attempting to sell the manuscripts. Police searched Kelly's home, found the stolen items, and returned them intact to the centre.

In 2009, a bronze sculpture titled Turf Man by David Annand was unveiled at the bawn. The sculpture is a reference to Heaney's poem Digging. It also contained the Seamus Heaney Reference Library, however the items were moved into the newly built Seamus Heaney HomePlace in 2016.Шаблон:Sfnp

Excavations

Файл:1622 Thomas Raven Map of Bellaghy.jpg

19th century reproduction of 1622 map by Thomas Raven. Bellaghy Bawn can be seen in top-left.

The site has been excavated multiple times since coming into state care.

The site was first excavated in 1989 by N.F. Brannon, who did further work at the site the following year, in-collaboration with the DENI Historic Monuments and Buildings Branch. In his reports, he notes the discovery of stone footings which he concludes belonged to a two-room structure that was razed to the ground during the 17th century, with further damage caused by 18-19th gardening at the site. A portion of the bawn wall, near the south-west tower, was also exposed during the excavation, however he concludes in his 1990 report that it was likely a "secondary feature, built no later than 1760." Various ceramic artefacts, dating to the 17-18th century, were also recovered during both excavations.

In 1995, further excavations were done by Declan P. Hurl which unveiled further 18th century metalled stone footings and a pit. More artefacts were discovered during this venture, including a wig-curler.

It would not be until 2009 that another excavation took place, under Brian Sloan with Queen's University Belfast on behalf of the NIEA. The main objective was to involve local primary schools in the excavation.Шаблон:Sfnp Eight local schools participated,Шаблон:Sfnp with over 250 school children taking part.Шаблон:Sfnp Two Шаблон:Convert trenchesШаблон:Sfnp were dug in fields rear of the building, with a third planned but not done,Шаблон:Sfnp between June 1–12thШаблон:Sfnp after a preliminary geophysical survey the previous month showed high and low resistance anomalies.Шаблон:Sfnp "Trench One", located in the east side of the closer eastern field ("Field One"),Шаблон:Sfnp uncovered numerous small artefacts which indicated the presence of an 18th-century orchard and gravel pathway.Шаблон:Sfnp "Trench Two", located in the north-western corner of "Field One", uncovered no archaeological findings.Шаблон:Sfnp Sloan returned in 2012 to monitor the excavation of two trenches which were done to install drainage pipes.Шаблон:Sfnp The trenches were located between the south-eastern turret of the monument and the 19th century "doctor's house".Шаблон:Sfnp Only "Trench Two" uncovered something of archaeological interest: a sub-surface section of wall belonging to the north-western turret depicted in Raven's 1622 map of Bellaghy and the bawn.Шаблон:Sfnp

References

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Bellaghy Bawn - BBC