Английская Википедия:Belted Galloway

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Файл:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg

Cow in Belgium

Файл:Belted galloway bull.jpg

Bull in Denmark

The Belted Galloway is a traditional Scottish breed of beef cattle. It derives from the Galloway cattle of the Galloway region of south-western Scotland, and was established as a separate breed in 1921. It is adapted to living on the poor upland pastures and windswept moorlands of the region. The exact origin of the breed is unclear, although the white belt for which they are named, and which distinguishes the breed from black Galloway cattle, is often surmised to be the result of cross-breeding with the similarly-coloured Dutch Lakenvelder breed.

The cattle are reared principally for beef; they may also be kept for ornament or for conservation grazing or vegetation management.

History

The Belted Galloway derives from the traditional Galloway cattle of the Galloway region of south-western Scotland, which in turn form part of a broader group of traditional Scottish cattle including the Aberdeen Angus and Highland breeds.Шаблон:R Galloways are most often black, but other colours occur; the white-belted or white-middled Galloway was one of them. The origin of the white belt is unknown; it is thought to have resulted from some cross-breeding with Dutch Lakenvelder cattle in the seventeenth century.Шаблон:R

From 1852, both Aberdeen Angus and Galloways could be registered in a herd-book for polled cattle. A separate Galloway herd-book was established in 1878. In 1921 a group of breeders set up the Dun and Belted Galloway Association, which – as the name suggests – registered both belted and dun-coloured Galloway cattle; its first herd-book was published in 1922. In 1951 registration of non-belted dun cattle was discontinued, and the society changed its name to the Belted Galloway Society.Шаблон:R It also maintains herd-books for the Red Galloway and the White Galloway.Шаблон:R

In the twentieth century the Belted Galloway was exported to many countries including Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United States. Breed societies were started in New Zealand in 1948, in the USA in 1951, and in Australia in 1975.Шаблон:R

Like other breeds, the Belted Galloway suffered heavily during the epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in the British Isles in 2001, and a substantial part of the total population was lost. By 2007, numbers had recovered to the point where it could be removed from the endangered native breed watchlist of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust;Шаблон:R in the same year the global breed population was listed by the FAO as "not at risk".Шаблон:R In 2012, there were approximately Шаблон:Val registered breeding cows in the United Kingdom.Шаблон:R

In 2022 it was listed by the American Livestock Conservancy as "watch";Шаблон:R in 2015 the total number in the United States was reported to be Шаблон:Val.Шаблон:R

Characteristics

The cattle are always belted, with a broad white belt completely encircling the body between the shoulder and the hind legs. For bulls, no white is permitted anywhere else on the animal; cows with some limited white markings on the lower legs can be registered in an appendix of the herd-book. The rest of the coat is normally black, but can also be dun or – more rarely – red.Шаблон:R The dun colour is caused by a mutation in the PMEL gene, the same mutation that causes dun and silver dun in Highland cattle.Шаблон:R The coat is double: a long coarse outer coat gives protection from rain, and a fine soft undercoat keeps the animal warm; the cattle do not need to develop thick subcutaneous fat for warmth in winter, and the meat tends to leanness as a result.Шаблон:R

Body weights may depend on both on climatic conditions and on the type of forage available. They are usually in the range Шаблон:Val for cows, and Шаблон:Val for bulls.Шаблон:R Belted Galloways are generally of a quiet temperament, but cows have a strong maternal instinct and protect calves against perceived threats.Шаблон:R At least one person has been trampled by a herd of these cattle.Шаблон:R

The Belted Galloway is well adapted to harsh climatic conditions, hill terrain and rough grazing on coarse grasses;Шаблон:R it is normal for the cattle to be kept out throughout the winter, regardless of the weather.Шаблон:R

Use

The Belted Galloway is reared mainly for beef; it may also be used for vegetation management, otherwise known as conservation grazing.Шаблон:R Cattle reared on forage alone may take up to four years to be ready for slaughter; beef from such cattle may have higher-than-usual levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.Шаблон:R

An old strain is listed as the "Original Belted Galloway Cattle" in the Ark of Taste of the Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity.Шаблон:R

• On Nordstrand, in Nordfriesland

  On Nordstrand, in Nordfriesland

• In the Yorkshire Dales

  In the Yorkshire Dales

• Red bull calf in Gloucestershire

  Red bull calf in Gloucestershire