Английская Википедия:Benjamin Loxley
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Benjamin Loxley, also known as Benjamin Lockley (December 20, 1720 – October 1801) was a Philadelphia carpenter-architect, master builder, investor and military leader in the American Colonial Period. He began his career by working as a carpenter-architect and renting out land outside the city. He then worked as a master builder and built various properties in the city. He invested in many schemes and was a member of the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia.
Loxley was a Patriot military leader and was engaged in several battles. He rose through the ranks and eventually became a major in command of artillery. He fought in battles under George Washington. He was taken as a prisoner of war when the British captured and overtook Philadelphia and eventually released in a prisoner exchange.
Early life
Loxley was born in Wakefield, England, on December 20, 1720.[1] He was the son of Benjamin Loxley and Elizabeth (Pullen). Loxley immigrated to America in 1734 to live with his uncle in Pennsylvania. His uncle then indentured him to W. J. Watkins for the carpenter's and cabinet making trades.[2]
Career
Construction business
Loxley built a home in Philadelphia around 1744 which became known as Loxley's Place.[3] He constructed a second group of houses known as Loxley's Court.[3] One of his houses was on 177 South Second Street and known as the Benjamin Loxley house.[3]Шаблон:Sfn
Loxley then became a partner with carpenter William Henderson.[2] He was a member of the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia with architects Thomas Nevell and Robert Smith.[2] They purchased a lot on Chestnut Street for the Carpenters' Company and built the Carpenters' Hall there.Шаблон:Sfn
Military service
Pennsylvania did not have an official militia, since it had been founded by pacifist Quakers, and so prominent Pennsylvanians like Benjamin Franklin established a voluntary organization, known as the Philadelphia Associators, to help defend the province. Loxely had joined the Associators by 1742, and would serve for the next thirty years, primarily as an artillery officer. He trained recruits during King George's War (1744–1748).Шаблон:Sfn With the coming of the French and Indian War in 1754, Loxely was appointed captain lieutenant in the Associators. He received training in artillery from British officers and in turn trained other colonists.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1758, when British General John Forbes was preparing an expedition into western Pennsylvania to expel the French, he put Loxley in charge of military supplies stored in Philadelphia.Шаблон:Sfn Loxley did not see action in the French and Indian War, but in 1764, a frontier vigilante mob known as the Paxton Boys marched on Philadelphia. Loxley arranged his cannons and artillerymen in the streets while Franklin negotiated with the Paxton leaders, which ended the crisis.Шаблон:Sfn
With the coming of the American Revolution, one of Loxley's first acts was to turn over the city stores he was in charge to the Patriots, who were then labeled "Rebels" by the British. He was elected to the Philadelphia Committee of Safety in 1775.Шаблон:Sfn After news was received of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Philadelphia Associators was reorganized, with Captain Loxley placed in command of the 174 men of the 1st Company of the Artillery Battalion under Major Samuel Mifflin.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
In July 1776, Loxley took his company in boats down the Delaware River to an engagement with British gunboats at the Battle of Red Bank.Шаблон:Sfn He was promoted to the rank of major in August 1776.Шаблон:Sfn
Personal life
Loxley's great-grandson stated that Loxley was a friend of Benjamin Franklin,[1] and that he provided a key to the No. 2 house in a courtyard of his houses at Loxley's Court to Franklin.[1]Шаблон:Sfn
Loxley married Jane Watkins on March 28, 1743.[1][2]Шаблон:Sfn The Loxley family bible's entries show that they had two sons, Benjamin Jr. (born June 6, 1746) and Abram (born January 16, 1750).Шаблон:Sfn Jane died on September 22, 1760, and he remarried on September 1, 1761, to Catherine Cox, the eldest child of John and Mary (Potts) Cox of Freehold, New Jersey. He had a total of twelve children with Catherine, five of which lived to adulthood.[4] The name of their third child was Jane.Шаблон:Sfn Loxley died in October 1801.[2]Шаблон:Sfn
Societies and clubs
- Member of Carpenters' Company of Philadelphia.[2]
- Member of Committee of Safety in 1774–1776.Шаблон:Sfn
- Member of American Philosophical Society.[2]
- Member of Pennsylvania Hospital.[1]
References
Bibliography
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Further reading
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External links
- Английская Википедия
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- 1720 births
- 1801 deaths
- People from Wakefield
- People from colonial Pennsylvania
- English emigrants
- Architects from Philadelphia
- People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution
- Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution
- Burials at Mount Moriah Cemetery (Philadelphia)
- Patriots in the American Revolution
- Prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
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