Английская Википедия:Berberis repens
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Speciesbox
Berberis repens commonly known as creeping mahonia, creeping Oregon grape, or creeping barberry, is a species of Berberis native to most of the western United States and two western provinces of Canada. It has found use as a xeric ornamental plant and has escaped from cultivation in areas beyond its native range.
Description
Berberis repens is an extremely short shrub, usually just 2–20 centimeters tall, very occasionally reaching 60 centimeters.[1] Berberis repens has conspicuous matte blue berries.[2] The yellow flowers appear in the middle of spring, and the blue berries in early summer. Although it is evergreen, in fall the leaves turn bronze. The plant is found at elevations from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert.[2]
Taxonomy
Some botanists place Berberis repens, and a significant portion of the barberry genus Berberis, in the genus Mahonia.[3] However, as of 2023 most botanical sources agree that it is properly placed in Berberis.[4][5][6][7] In this case, the scientific name may be given as Berberis repens. Additionally, some botanists treat the plant as a subspecies of Oregon-grape holly (Berberis aquifolium), in which case the scientific name Berberis aquifolium var. repens is applied.[2]
Names
Berberis repens is commonly known as "creeping mahonia",[8] "creeping barberry",[9] and "creeping Oregon grape".[10]
Distribution and habitat
It is native to the botanical continent of Northern America. In Canada its range is the southern parts of the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia.[11][12][13] In the United States it is found throughout the west from Washington (state) to California and eastwards to Montana to New Mexico including all the states between. East of the Rocky Mountains it is also found in the US states of Texas, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Minnesota.[3][14]
It has also been found as an introduced species in Ontario in Canada and Hungary in the European Union.[11][14]
It is widespread, and found at low to mid elevation on dry plateaus, in forests and on foothills.[10]
Uses
The berries are edible but are considered bitter,[10] and used to make jellies.[8][10]
The Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California used the roots for a blood and cough tonic. The Hopi, Paiute, Navajo, Shoshoni, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Mendocino, and other tribes also used the plant for medicinal, food, and ceremonial needs.[15] Native Americans also used the wood of the stem to produce yellow dyes[8] to stain woven baskets.[10]
Cultivation
Creeping mahonia is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in natural landscaping, and in water conserving, drought tolerant, traditional residential, native plant habitat, and wildlife gardens.[8] It is a low water-needing ground cover for shade and brighter habitats, and in gardens under oaks to reduce or eliminate irrigation that can threaten mature Quercus trees. Berries and foliage are resistant to browsing by deer.Шаблон:Citation needed
It is a year-round attractive, hardy plant, tolerant of drought, frost, and heat, so it is popular with landscape designers and gardeners. It can provide good ground cover in a cold situation. In garden conditions, and where their ranges overlap in nature, this species hybridizes readily with Oregon-grape (Mahonia aquifolium), and the hybrids are less prostrate in their habit than the pure stock.Шаблон:Citation needed
References
Other sources
- Beetle, A. A. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31. 1970 (Names Beetle)
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. 1970 (F Tex)
- Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002 (Zander ed17)
- FNA Editorial Committee Flora of North America. 1993- (F NAmer)
- Hickman, J. C., ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. 1993 (F CalifJep)
- Hitchcock, C. L. et al. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. 1955-1969 (F Pacif NW)
- Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles Arizona flora, ed. 2. 1969 (F Ariz)
- Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins A flora of New Mexico. 1980 (F New Mex)
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- Welsh, S. L. et al. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Mem. 9. 1987 (F Utah)
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite usda plants
- ↑ Flora of North America vol 3.
- ↑ Loconte, H., & J. R. Estes. 1989. Phylogenetic systematics of Berberidaceae and Ranunculales (Magnoliidae). Systematic Botany 14:565-579.
- ↑ Marroquín, Jorge S., & Joseph E. Laferrière. 1997. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from Mahonia to Berberis. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 30(1):53-55.
- ↑ Laferrière, Joseph E. 1997. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from Mahonia to Berberis. Bot. Zhurn. 82(9):96-99.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 Neil L. Jennings Шаблон:Google books
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокPOWOне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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