Английская Википедия:Bere Alston (UK Parliament constituency)

Bere Alston or Beeralston was a parliamentary borough in Devon, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1584 until 1832, when the constituency was abolished by the Great Reform Act as a rotten borough.

History

Bere Alston was first summoned to return MPs in 1584; like many of the boroughs over the county boundary in Cornwall that were enfranchised during the reign of Elizabeth I, it had never been of much size and was a rotten borough from the start. Indeed, its first return of members specifically states that they had been elected at the request of the Marquess of Winchester and Lord Mountjoy, the chief landowners in the borough, and its enfranchisement plainly designed to allow them to nominate MPs.

The borough consisted of most of the village of Bere Alston in the parish of Bere Ferris, 10 miles north of Plymouth. By the time of the Great Reform Act there were 112 houses within the borough boundaries, and 139 in the whole village. The population was not separately recorded in the census. It was customary for elections to be conducted under a great tree in the centre of the village; there was no equivalent of a town hall, and indeed no municipal corporation.

Bere Alston was a burgage borough,^[1] the right to vote resting with the freehold tenants of a number of specified properties within the town of which there appears to have been only 30. For much of the eighteenth century most, if not all, of these burgage properties were owned by the Drake and Hobart families (the latter becoming the Earls of Buckinghamshire in 1746). Only one contested election therefore occurred in the eighteenth century, when the two families failed to compromise. In the 1770s the borough was acquired by the 1st Duke of Northumberland, and was retained by his descendants until the borough was disenfranchised.

In the debates before the passing of the Reform Act, Bere Alston was held up as one of the most notorious examples of a rotten borough, vilified in more than one of the pro-Reform newspapers. The Times carried the following report of what happened in Bere Alston in the general election there in 1830:

"Dr Butler [the Portreeve, who was Returning Officer for the borough] ... met the voters under a great tree, the place usually chosen for the purpose of election. During the time the Portreeve was reading the acts of Parliament usually read on such occasions, one of the voters handed in to him a card containing the names of two candidates, proposed by himself and seconded by his friend. He was told ... this was too early. Before the reading was completed, the voter on the other side handed in a card corresponding with the former, which he was told was too late. The meeting broke up. The Portreeve and assistants adjourned to a public house in the neighbourhood, and then and there made a return of Lord Lovaine and Mr Blackett, which was not signed by a single person having a vote."

The election return actually bears seven signatures - individuals who were probably made temporary burgage holders to qualify as electors for the day of the election but none of whom probably resided in the borough. The two "voters" who sought to nominate candidates were probably unqualified but were actual residents. Otherwise the report is probably truthful.

The borough was disenfranchised by the Reform Act.

Members of Parliament

1584-1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
Parliament of 1584-1585	Edward Montagu	Edward Phelips
Parliament of 1586-1587	(Sir) Charles Blount	Nicholas Martin
Parliament of 1588-1589	Richard Spencer	Ferdinand Clarke
Parliament of 1593	Sir Charles Blount	Thomas Burgoyne
Parliament of 1597-1598	Sir Jocelyn Blount	George Crooke
Parliament of 1601	Charles Lister	John Langford
Parliament of 1604-1611	Sir Arthur Atye 1604 Humphrey May from 1605	Sir Richard Strode
Addled Parliament (1614)	Thomas Crewe	Sir Richard White
Parliament of 1621-1622	Thomas Keightley	Sir Thomas Wise
Happy Parliament (1624-1625)	Thomas Jermyn	Sir Thomas Cheke^[2]
Useless Parliament (1625)	Sir Thomas Cheke	William Strode
Parliament of 1626-1627	William Strode	Thomas Wise
Parliament of 1628-1629	William Strode	Thomas Wise
No Parliament summoned 1629-1640

1640-1832

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		William Strode^[3]	Parliamentarian		John Harris
November 1640					Sir Thomas Cheek^[4]	Parliamentarian
December 1640					Hugh Pollard^[5]	Royalist
1641					Charles Pym	Parliamentarian
1646		Sir Francis Drake	Parliamentarian		Charles Pym	Parliamentarian
December 1648	Drake and Pym excluded in Pride's Purge - both seats vacant
1653	Bere Alston was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
January 1659		Sir John Maynard	Parliamentarian		Elisha Crymes	Parliamentarian
May 1659	Bere Alston was not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660		John Maynard	Parliamentarian		George Howard	Cavalier
June 1660		John Maynard	Parliamentarian		Richard Arundell	Cavalier
1661		Sir John Maynard	Parliamentarian		George Howard	Cavalier
1662					Richard Arundell	Cavalier
1665					Joseph Maynard	Parliamentarian
February 1679				rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir William Bastard	Whig
March 1679	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Trevor	Tory		Sir William Bastard	Whig
1681	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Duncombe Colchester	Tory		John Elwill	Whig
1685	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Maynard	Whig	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Benjamin Bathurst	Tory
19 January 1689	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Maynard	Whig	John Elwill	Whig
31 January 1689	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Holt	Tory
May 1689	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Trevor	Tory
1690	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Francis Drake	Whig		John Swinfen	Whig
1691	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Smith	Whig		John Swinfen	Whig
1694	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Smith	Whig	Sir Henry Hobart	Whig
November 1695	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Elwill	Whig	Sir Henry Hobart	Whig
December 1695	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Elwill	Whig	Sir Rowland Gwynne	Whig
1698	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Hawles	Whig	Sir Rowland Gwynne	Whig
1698	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Hawles	Whig	James Montagu	Whig
January 1701	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Rowland Gwynne	Whig	rowspan="4" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Peter King	Whig
March 1701	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Cowper	Whig
1705	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Spencer Cowper	Whig
1710	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Lawrence Carter	Whig
1715	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Horatio Walpole	Whig
1717	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Edward Carteret	Whig
1721	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Philip Cavendish^[6]	Whig
1721	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			St John Brodrick	Whig
1722	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Hobart^[7]	Whig
1724	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Robert Rich	Whig
1727	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir John Hobart^[8]	Whig	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Francis Drake^[9]	Whig
1728	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Archer Croft	Whig	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Lord Walden	Tory
February 1734	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Archer Croft	Whig	William Morden^[10]	Whig
May 1734	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Francis Drake	Whig	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	John Bristow	Whig
1740	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Samuel Heathcote	Whig		John Bristow	Whig
1741	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Samuel Heathcote	Whig	Sir William Morden	Whig
1747	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Francis Henry Drake	Whig	Sir William Morden	Whig
1754	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			John Bristow	Whigs
1761	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Hon. George Hobart	Whig
1771	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Francis William Drake	Whig
1774	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir Francis Henry Drake	Whig
September 1780	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Lord Algernon Percy^[11]	Tory	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	The Lord Macartney	Whig
December 1780	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Viscount Feilding	Tory		The Lord Macartney	Whig
1781	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Laurence Cox	Tory
1784	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			The Earl of Mornington	Tory
1787	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			Charles Rainsford	Tory
1788	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|			John Mitford^[12]	Tory
1790	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Sir George Beaumont	Tory
1796	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Mitford	Tory
1799	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	William Mitford	Tory	Lord Lovaine	Tory^[13]
1806	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Hon. Josceline Percy	Tory
1820	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Henry Percy	Tory
1825	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Percy Ashburnham	Tory^[14]
1830	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Christopher Blackett	Tory^[15]
January 1831	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Christopher Blackett	Tory^[15]	David Lyon	Tory^[16]
May 1831	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" \|	Lord Lovaine	Tory^[17]	David Lyon	Tory^[16]
1832	Constituency abolished

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no change Шаблон:Election box majority no change Шаблон:Election box turnout no change Шаблон:Election box registered electors no change Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box end

Caused by Percy's succession to the peerage, becoming 5th Duke of Northumberland

Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link Шаблон:Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box hold with party link no swing Шаблон:Election box end

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist Шаблон:More footnotes needed Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Cite book
Robert Beatson, "A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament" (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
Michael Brock, The Great Reform Act (London: Hutchinson, 1973)
D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
J. E. Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
T. H. B. Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
Шаблон:Rayment-hc

↑ Page 136, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
↑ Cheek sat for Essex and was replaced by William Strode
↑ Died 1645
↑ Cheek was also elected for Harwich, which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Bere Alston
↑ Expelled 9 December 1641 for involvement in a plan to intimidate Parliament by bringing the Royal army in the North to Westminster
↑ Cavendish was initially declared elected, but on petition the Commons found in favour of his opponent, Broderick, who was seated in his place
↑ Hobart was also elected for St Ives, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston
↑ Hobart was also elected for Norfolk, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston
↑ Drake was also elected for Tavistock, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston
↑ Morden later changed his name to Harbord
↑ Percy was also elected for Northumberland, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston
↑ Sir John Mitford from 1793
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web

[1] Page 136, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1957)

[2] Cheek sat for Essex and was replaced by William Strode

[3] Died 1645

[4] Cheek was also elected for Harwich, which he chose to represent, and did not sit again for Bere Alston

[5] Expelled 9 December 1641 for involvement in a plan to intimidate Parliament by bringing the Royal army in the North to Westminster

[6] Cavendish was initially declared elected, but on petition the Commons found in favour of his opponent, Broderick, who was seated in his place

[7] Hobart was also elected for St Ives, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston

[8] Hobart was also elected for Norfolk, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston

[9] Drake was also elected for Tavistock, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston

[10] Morden later changed his name to Harbord

[11] Percy was also elected for Northumberland, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Bere Alston

[12] Sir John Mitford from 1793

[13] Шаблон:Cite web

[14] Шаблон:Cite web

[15] Шаблон:Cite web

[16] Шаблон:Cite web

[17] Шаблон:Cite web

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Английская Википедия:Bere Alston (UK Parliament constituency)

Содержание

History

Members of Parliament

1584-1640

1640-1832

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

Notes

References

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