Английская Википедия:Berezina
Шаблон:About Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox river The Berezina or Byarezina[1] (Шаблон:Lang-be,[2] Шаблон:IPA-be; Шаблон:Lang-ru) is a river in Belarus and a right tributary of the Dnieper. The river starts in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. The length of the Berezina is Шаблон:Convert. The width of the river is 15–20 m, the maximum is 60 m. The banks are low (up to 0.5 m), steep in some areas (up to 1.5 m high), sandy, and the floodplain is swampy. The Berezina usually freezes over in the first half of December.
Its main tributaries are Bobr, Klyava, Ol'sa and Шаблон:Ill from the left and Hayna and Svislach from the right.[3] The Berezina Biosphere Preserve by the river is on the UNESCO list of Biosphere Preserves. Peat bogs cover 430 km2 and thus occupy an important part of the reserve. These open peat zones have remained virtually untouched and are among Europe's largest bogs.
Settlements
Cities and towns on the Berezina from north to south include:
Historical significance
- Charles XII of Sweden's army crossed the Berezina on June 25, 1708, during his campaign against Peter the Great of Russia in the Great Northern War. (see Шаблон:ISBN for details)
- Napoleon Bonaparte's army suffered heavy losses (about 50,000) when they were crossing the Berezina in November, 1812, during the retreat from Russia (see Battle of Berezina). Since then "Berezina" is used in French as a synonym for catastrophe. See Charles Joseph Minard § The map of Napoleon's Russian campaign for a visual graphic of the army's fate
- Several armies in German Wehrmacht Army Group Centre were entrapped and prevented from crossing the Berezina in June 1944, during the envelopment phases of the Bobruysk and Minsk Offensives, within the closing phases of Operation Bagration in World War II.
- There were military actions between Germany and Russia at the Berezina River in 1917–1918.Шаблон:Citation needed
- Several battles are named after the river.
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Dnieper Шаблон:Authority control
