Английская Википедия:Bergen Tunnels

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Шаблон:Infobox tunnel The Bergen Tunnels are a pair of railroad tunnels with open cuts running parallel to each other under Bergen Hill in Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S. Originally built by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W), they are used by New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (NJT) trains originating or terminating at Hoboken Terminal.[1]

Construction

Файл:Same as for NJ-22-18, except closer view. Photo by Jack E. Boucher, 1978. - Erie Railway, Bergen Hill Open Cut, Palisade Avenue to Tonnele Avenue, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ HAER NJ,9-JERCI,6-19.tif
The western portals of four railroad tunnels and cuts through Bergen Hill in Jersey City in 1978. From left: the Bergen Tunnels, the Long Dock Tunnel, and the Bergen Arches.

Prior to construction, the Morris and Essex Railroad, a predecessor of the DL&W, used the Long Dock Tunnel, owned by the Erie Railroad, to pass under the Hudson Palisades. After issues of congestion and competition arose, the DL&W decided to build its own tunnel for what is commonly known as its Morristown Line.[2][3] Construction of the North Bergen Tunnel began in 1873; it came into service in 1877.[4] The South Bergen Tunnel opened in 1910,[5] soon after a new Hoboken Terminal was inaugurated. Both tunnels are approximately Шаблон:Convert long,[6][7] and have two short segments of open cut as well as ventilation shafts.[8]

Rehabilitation

Файл:East-facing portals within Open Cut No. 1 (South Bergen Tunnel (see HAER No. NJ-137) on left, North Bergen Tunnel on right), from the North Bergen Tunnel tracks, looking east - Delaware, HAER NJ-136-5.tif
The tunnel portals from within Open Cut No. 1, facing east, before renovation in 2001

In 2001, New Jersey Transit contracted JV Merco-Obayashi for the rehabilitation of the partially brick-lined North Bergen Tunnel.[9] This included the stabilization of the two open cuts. The five ventilation shafts were stabilized and backfilled. Brick was removed so that the tunnel could be enlarged using drill-and-blast methods, following which it was relined with shotcrete. A drained membrane waterproofing system was installed before a final lining of concrete was cast-in-place.[8] In addition to waterproofing ceilings and walls, new electrical, signal and ventilation systems were installed as were new emergency exits. New tracks were affixed directly to a new concrete floor.[10]

Historic status

The tunnels are part of New Jersey's state historic preservation office historic district, designated the Old Main Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Historic District.[11] They were documented in 2001 for the Historic American Engineering Record.[12]

Survey No. Name (as assigned by HAER) Built Documented Carries Crosses Location County Coordinates
Шаблон:HAER D,L&W, North Bergen Tunnel 1877 2001 NJ Transit Hoboken Division tracks Bergen Hill Jersey City Hudson Шаблон:Coord
Шаблон:HAER D,L&W, South Bergen Tunnel 1911 2001 NJ Transit Hoboken Division tracks Bergen Hill Jersey City Hudson Шаблон:Coord

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:New Jersey Transit Rail

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite work
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite work
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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