Английская Википедия:Berlin School of experimental psychology

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The Berlin School of Experimental Psychology was founded by Carl Stumpf, a pupil of Franz Brentano and Hermann Lotze and a professor at the University of Berlin, in 1893. It adhered to the method of experimental phenomenology, which understood it as the science of phenomena.[1] It is also noted as the originator of Gestalt psychology.[2] Noted members include Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler.[3]

History

Stumpf founded the Berlin Laboratory of Experimental Psychology in 1893. The institute, which is also known as the school of Gestalt psychology, was part of the University of Berlin.[4] It was a refinement of Brentano's neo-Aristotelian theory or the study of phenomena's qualitative properties.[1] After the German revolution, the Berlin laboratory relocated to a wing of the former Imperial Palace.[5] This marked the expansion of the Berlin school after it was forced to reduce its operations during the war.[5] The new facility, which was also supported by the Society for Experimental Psychology, focused on applied work and incorporated its own laboratory so that it became an expanded university institute.[5] Stumpf was the chair of the institute for 26 years. He was succeeded by Wolfgang Köhler.[4]

Stumpf influenced his pupils[6] such as Wertheimer, Koffka, Köhler, and Kurt Lewin, and these contributed to the school's development.[7] Lewin, for instance, developed a set of models and ideas linked to change management theory and practice.[8] These psychologists further refined Stumpf's work, which facilitated experimental investigation that culminated in the development of Gestalt psychology.[1] These psychologists stressed the primacy of objects as units of experience, instead of sensations.[9]

Only after Köhler took over the direction of the psychology institute in 1922 did the Berlin School effectively become a school for Gestalt psychology.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist