Английская Википедия:Bernhard Vechtel

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Bernhard Vechtel (31 July 1920 – 21 August 1975) was a fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Vechtel was credited with 108 aerial victories in a total of 860 combat missions, all on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Vechtel was born on 31 July 1920 in Vohren, present-day part of Warendorf, at the time in the Province of Westphalia in the Weimar Republic. Following flight training,Шаблон:Refn he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) on 2 May 1942.Шаблон:Sfn There, he was assigned to the 10. Staffel (10th squadron) which was subordinated to the IV. Gruppe (4th group) of JG 51. At the time, 10. Staffel was headed by Leutnant Horst Haase while IV. Gruppe was commanded by Hauptmann Johann Knauth and based at an airfield in Vyazma on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn During May, the Gruppe was briefly withdrawn from combat for a period of maintenance and equipment overhaul at Smolensk. They were then sent to Dugino where it was tasked with providing fighter cover over the left flank of Army Group Center in vicinity of the 9th Army.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Battle of Rzhev - 5 August 1942 - Western Front continues attack.jpg

Attack on the Rzhev salient in August 1942

On 30 July 1942, the Soviet Kalinin Front launched the First Rzhev–Sychyovka Offensive Operation with the objective to crush the Rzhev salient held by the 9th Army.Шаблон:Sfn Vechtel claimed his first aerial victory on 2 August 1942 over an Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft northeast of Rzhev.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

He claimed JG 51s 8000th aerial victory of the war on 1 May 1944. He was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) on 3 January 1944, the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 28 January 1944, and later received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 27 July 1944.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 August, IV. Gruppe moved to Modlin Airfield located approximately Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw. Here, the Gruppe predominately flew combat missions to the area north and northeast of Warsaw.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 September, Vechtel was shot down and wounded by anti-aircraft artillery in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 163631—factory number) Шаблон:Convert northwest of Wyszków.Шаблон:Sfn

Squadron leader

On 11 December 1944, Vechtel was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 14. Staffel of JG 51, also a squadron of IV. Gruppe. He replaced Oberleutnant Horst Walther who was transferred. At the time, the Gruppe was commanded by Major Heinz Lange and was based at Modlin.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Soviet forces launched the Vistula–Oder Offensive on 12 January 1945. Two days later, Soviet forces reached Modlin, forcing VI. Gruppe to move to Danzig-Langfuhr, present-day Wrzeszcz, Poland.Шаблон:Sfn On 25 March 1945, Vechtel was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 99th Luftwaffe pilot to have shot down 100 aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 May, JG 51 received the order to relocate to Flensburg in northern Germany. Some of the pilots decided for themselves that the war was lost and deserted, including Vechtel. On 2 May, he refused to fly to Flensburg and led a Schwarm close to his hometown Warendorf near Münster. There, he arrived with two other pilots, a third pilot was shot down and captured by British forces.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Vechtel was credited with 108 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Vechtel with 108 aerial victories claimed in 860 combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and also state that he claimed 108 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. However, not all of his claims can be verified through the archives.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 47682". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
1	2 August 1942	09:52	Il-2	PQ 47682Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Rzhev	4	6 December 1942	09:22	Il-2	PQ 07732Шаблон:Sfn
2	3 September 1942	14:36	MiG-3	east of SychyovkaШаблон:Sfn	5	16 December 1942	08:15	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Velikiye LukiШаблон:Sfn
3	3 December 1942	13:05	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert west of TulebljaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Velikiye Luki	6	17 December 1942	11:45	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert east of IschewosewШаблон:Sfn
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 4 February – 28 October 1943
7	18 March 1943	15:45	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 45522Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Utrikowo	25	21 September 1943	09:01	Yak-9	northeast of Nowo StepjankaШаблон:Sfn
8	7 May 1943	04:25	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63279Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Zalegoshch	26	24 September 1943	13:28	Yak-9	northwest of KremenchukШаблон:Sfn
9	7 May 1943	04:29	MiG-3	PQ 35 Ost 63281Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Zalegoshch	27	24 September 1943	13:30	Yak-9	west of KhmilnykШаблон:Sfn
10	8 June 1943	19:16	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 64843Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Mtsensk	28	26 September 1943	13:25	Yak-1	south of WassilijewkaШаблон:Sfn
11	8 June 1943	19:19	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 64853Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Mtsensk	29	27 September 1943	10:32	Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn	south of GorodajewkaШаблон:Sfn
12	2 August 1943	08:32	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 53453Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kromy	30	27 September 1943	10:33	Il-2 m.H.	northeast of SsusslowkaШаблон:Sfn
13	2 August 1943	08:39	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 35 Ost 53474Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kromy	31	27 September 1943	14:30	Pe-2	west of SchulgowkaШаблон:Sfn
14	2 August 1943	12:00	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 53654Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kromy	32	29 September 1943	11:55	Yak-1	west of SloschenkowoШаблон:Sfn
15	7 August 1943	11:40	P-40	west of PeschkowaШаблон:Sfn	33	29 September 1943	12:10	Il-2 m.H.	north of WaldorfШаблон:Sfn
16	15 August 1943	05:05	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 60152Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Kharkiv	34	4 October 1943	06:55	Yak-1	east of TarassowkaШаблон:Sfn
17	16 August 1943	18:25	La-5	east of KulakovkaШаблон:Sfn	35	6 October 1943	12:46	Yak-9	southwest of SchulgowkaШаблон:Sfn
18	17 August 1943	05:06	Yak-1	east of GurinowkaШаблон:Sfn	36	7 October 1943	15:03	P-39	west of OrlikШаблон:Sfn
19	19 August 1943	15:00	La-5	southeast of DergatschevkaШаблон:Sfn	37	12 October 1943	08:15	Yak-9	north of Lake SennitzaШаблон:Sfn
20	19 August 1943	15:05	La-5	southwest of UlitschewkaШаблон:Sfn	38	21 October 1943	08:55	Yak-9	northeast of SselenoyeШаблон:Sfn
21	21 August 1943	16:25	Il-2	south of GutyШаблон:Sfn	39	22 October 1943	08:55	Il-2 m.H.	southwest of SybkoyeШаблон:Sfn
22	1 September 1943	12:10	Yak-9	north of BorodinoШаблон:Sfn	40	26 October 1943	14:38	P-39	northwest of Chervonaya ZnamenkaШаблон:Sfn
23	1 September 1943	18:11	Il-2 m.H.	northeast of BernikiШаблон:Sfn	41	28 October 1943	06:23	P-39	southwest of MichailovkaШаблон:Sfn
24	20 September 1943	06:39	Il-2 m.H.	southeast of IgunШаблон:Sfn
– 12. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 29 October 1943 – 22 November 1943
42	29 October 1943	11:06	Pe-2	northeast of PogelnastojeШаблон:Sfn	46	20 November 1943	11:34	Il-2 m.H.	west of SalbachowkaШаблон:Sfn
43	30 October 1943	12:28	Il-2 m.H.	west of AnnowkaШаблон:Sfn	47	20 November 1943	13:05	Yak-9	southwest of HuliaipoleШаблон:Sfn
44	5 November 1943	13:51	La-5	RameropolШаблон:Sfn	48	22 November 1943	12:30	P-39	Шаблон:Convert northwest of SybkojeШаблон:Sfn
45	20 November 1943	11:30	Yak-1	southeast of MirnajaШаблон:Sfn	49	22 November 1943	12:40	P-39	Шаблон:Convert east of TrudowkaШаблон:Sfn
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 28 November 1943 – 31 May 1944
50	28 November 1943	11:12	Il-2 m.H.	PetrowkaШаблон:Sfn	65	30 April 1944	08:56	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 25 Ost 50543Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Berezhany
51	30 November 1943	08:25	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 34 Ost 49796Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Nikopol	66	1 May 1944	10:02	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 24 Ost 59315Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Kolomea
52	30 November 1943	08:27	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 34 Ost 49815Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Dnepropetrovsk	67	1 May 1944	10:06	Yak-9	PQ 24 Ost 59318Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Kolomea
53	27 February 1944	09:38	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 14567Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Krasnopillia	68	3 May 1944	09:07	Yak-9	PQ 24 Ost 59358Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomea
54	27 March 1944	10:55	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 05693Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Gorki	69	3 May 1944	18:35?Шаблон:Refn	La-5	PQ 24 Ost 59378Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Kolomea
55	9 April 1944	18:22	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 50763Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil	70	4 May 1944	18:54?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-9?	PQ 25 Ost 50474Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Ternopil
56	10 April 1944	11:48	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 50734Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil	71	5 May 1944	11:18?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1	PQ 25 Ost 50563Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil
57	15 April 1944	16:24	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 50522Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Berezhany	72	5 May 1944	18:31?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1	PQ 25 Ost 50562Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil
58	18 April 1944	11:55	La-5	PQ 24 Ost 59151Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Kolomea	73	15 May 1944	18:47	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 50431Шаблон:Sfn
59	19 April 1944	16:42	Yak-9	PQ 24 Ost 59122Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stanislau	74	24 May 1944	05:44	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 50616Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Ternopil
60	22 April 1944	16:42?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1?	PQ 25 Ost 50871Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Ternopil	75	28 May 1944	06:34	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 50534Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Ternopil
61	23 April 1944	10:57	Il-2	PQ 25 Ost 50582Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Berezhany	76	29 May 1944	06:47	La-5	PQ 24 Ost 59376Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Kolomea
62	27 April 1944	15:52	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 24 Ost 59311Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Kolomea	77	31 May 1944	11:16?Шаблон:Refn	La-5	PQ 24 Ost 59375Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Kolomea
63	27 April 1944	18:22	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 24 Ost 59314Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Kolomea	78	31 May 1944	14:32	La-5	PQ 24 Ost 49498Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Kolomea
64	30 April 1944	08:54	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 25 Ost 40661Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Berezhany	79	31 May 1944	14:43	Yak-9	PQ 24 Ost 59375Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Kolomea
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — August 1944
80	13 August 1944	16:32	Yak-9	PQ 24 Ost 25644Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Łomża	82	13 August 1944	18:01	Yak-9	PQ 24 Ost 24625Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Białystok
81	13 August 1944	16:33	La-5	PQ 24 Ost 24627Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Białystok
– 14. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — August 1944 – May 1945
83	15 August 1944	18:13	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 25491Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Trakehnen	88	22 August 1944	10:37	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 36215Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Schaulen
84	15 August 1944	18:25	La-5	Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Marijampolė	PQ 25 Ost 35342Шаблон:Sfn style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 89	24 August 1944	08:53	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 37543Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Schaulen
85	17 August 1944	11:12	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 25 Ost 36374Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nemakščiai	90	24 August 1944	11:22	P-39	PQ 25 Ost 37385Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Mitau
86	17 August 1944	11:13	Il-2 m.H.	PQ 25 Ost 36375Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Nemakščiai	91	24 August 1944	15:22	La-5	PQ 25 Ost 27665Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Telsche
87	17 August 1944	16:35	Yak-9	Шаблон:Convert south of Nemakščiai
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 92 to 99 were not documented.Шаблон:Sfn The author Prien, Stemmer, Balke and Bock state that the aerial victory records of IV. Gruppe dated later than November 1944 are incomplete.Шаблон:Sfn
100	25 March 1945	Шаблон:Center	unknown
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 101 to 108 were not documented.Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st ClassШаблон:Sfn
• Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 3 April 1944 as Feldwebel and pilotШаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 28 January 1944 as Feldwebel in the 10./Jagdgeschwader 51Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 as pilot and Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel in the 10./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

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